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Anatomy test 4 part 1

Terms

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Endocrine System
a system of ductless glands that secrete messenger molecules called hormones
Hormone Functions
growth of the body and reproductive organs, mobilization of body defenses against stress, maintenance of blood chemistry and control of the rate of oxygen used by the body's cells
exocrine glands
secretions released into ducts opening onto an epithelial surface
peptide hormones
formed from chains of amino acids, makes up most hormones, longer chains called protein hormones ex growth hormone
steroid hormones
type of lipid derived from cholesterol ex testosterone
Biogenic amines
small molecules produced by altering the structure of a specific amino acid ex thyroid hormone
negative feedback loop
a stimulus starts a process, and eventually either the hormone that is secreted or a product of its effects causes the process to slow down or turn off ex blood glucose level
positive feedback loop
accelerates the original process, either to ensure that the pathway continues to run or to speed up its activities (not as common as negative feedback loop) ex the process of milk release
hypothalamus
master control center of the endocrine system
oxytocin and ADH
both are produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary
infundibulum
connects the pituitary gland to hypothalamus
hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
process that allows blood to travel from the hypothalamus directly to the pituitary gland without having to go to the heart
hormones of the anterior pituitary
thyroid stimulating hormone prolactin ACTH growth hormone follicle stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone
thyroid gland
immediately inferior to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and anterior to the trachea butterfly shaped secretes thyroid hormone and calcitonin
calcitonin
responds to excess of calcium in the blood by slowing action of osteoclasts and decrease concentration of calcium in the blood
thyroid hormone
controls metabolic rate
parathyroid glands
small brownish red glands on the back of thyroid houses chief cells and oxyphil cells
chief cells
source of parathyroid hormone which stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium ions from bone matrix into the bloodstream
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