Nervous system chapter 11 grade 7
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Nervous System
-
-Responsible for sensing changes in stimuli in the environment.
-Responds to stimuli
-Controls internal environment by regulating function of your glands and organs - How does the Nervous System control the other body systems?
- -All other body systems receive chemical dn electrical signals from the nervous sytem.
- What three systems work together to produce every movement of the body?
-
1. Muscle System
2. Nervous System
3. Skeletal System - Stimuli
-
-Simply a change in your environment
-It can be good or irritating - Which system is the 'Control System' of the body?
- -The Nervous System
- Neuron
-
-The basic cell of the nervous sytem
-The nerve cell - Three parts of a Neuron
-
1. Axon
2. Cell Body
3. Dendrites - Dendrites
- -Look like skinny arms coming off the cell body
- Axons
- -Look like long tails.
- How does the nervous system carry messages in the body?
-
-Passes the messages from one neuron to the next.
-The axon of one neuron carries signal from the cell body to the dendrite of the next neuron.
-The dendrite carries the message to the cell body. - Electrochemical Signals
- -A signal made up of both electical and chemical charges sent by the nervous system
- What happens when a neuron is stimulated?
- -A neuron fires a tiny electrical charge that travels down the axon.
- How long can an Axon be?
- -An axon can be up to a meter in length.
- Synapse
- -Connection between two neurons
- What do the special sacs on the end of the axon release?
- -These sacs release chemicals into the space between the axon and the dendrite of the next neuron (synapse).
- What happens when chemicals are released into the synapse?
- -The chemicals cause the next neuron to fire an electrical charge, and the signal continues through the body.
- What are the other cells in the nervous system?
- -Supporting cells known as glial cells
- Glial Cells
-
-More common than neurons
-Do not carry electrical charges
-Glial cells nourish and support the neurons - What are the two mini-systems within the Nervous system?
-
1. Central Nervous System
2. Peripheral Nervous System - Central Nervous System
-
-system made up of the Brain and Spinal Cord
-control center for receiving stimuli and coordinating responses - Peripheral Nervous System
- -Contains all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
- What is the purpose of the Peripheral Nervous System?
- -Receives stimuli from your environment and carrying response signals back to your muscles and glands
- Brain
- -In humans, highly complex organ
- What are the three main parts of the brain?
-
1. Cerebrum, or forebrain
2. Cerebellum
3. Brain Stem - Brain Stem
- -Long mass of tissue above the spinal cord
- What are the three parts of the brain stem?
-
1. Medulla
2. Pons
3. Midbrain - Medulla
-
-Main part of the brain stem
-Controls involuntary organ functions such as hearbeat, breathing, sneezing,and coughing
-Serves as connection site between the other brain parts and the spinal cord - Pons and Midbrain
-
-Make up rest of the brain stem
-Serve as relay stations for perpheral nerves - Cerebellum or Hindbrain
-
-receives information from the muscles, joints, tendons, and inner ear
-it controls muscle movements - What part of the brain controls your sense of balance
- -Cerebellum
- What area of the brain allows you to automatically do activities after you have practiced the movements?
- -Cerebellum
- What is the largest part of the brain?
- -Cerebrum
- Cerebrum
- -Part of the brain that memory, speech, reasoning, ability, imagination, and conscious thought are controlled
- The inner forebrain controls:
-
-hunger
-thirst,
-shivering
-sweating
-receives information from your senses
-controls many emotions
-alerts to danger - Describe the outer forebrain?
-
-Gray
-Wrinkled - What do the wrinkles of the cerebrum do?
- -The wrinkles help increase the surface area of the brain so that more information can be processed.
- What part of the brain makes us human?
- -Cerebrum
- When divided, how many parts does the cerebrum have?
-
-Two
-Right and Left Hemisphere - Why does the left side of the brain control the right side of the body and vice versa?
- -Because of the crossover of nerves in the brain
- Nine out of ten people use what side of the brain most often?
-
-Left hemiphere
-Most people are right handed - What is brain mapping?
- -Process of pinpointing the exact places in the brain where certain emotions or thoughts are controlled
- What led scientists to the idea that certain areas of the brain were responsible for specific functions?
-
-In the 1800s, a railroad worker was struck with an iron rod driven completely through his skull.
-His personality with through a great change. - Is the brain sensitive to pain?
- NO
- Spinal Cord
-
-Thick cord of nervous tissue
-Carries messages to and from the brain - What is the approximate length of the spinal cord?
- 40 to 50 cm. long
- What happens if the spinal cord is damaged or severed?
- -Paralysis or the inability to move occurs because messages from the brain can no longer be received by the legs or the arms, depending on where the damage occurs.
- Paralysis
- -Inability to move
- What is a concussion?
-
-Brain bruise
-Occurs when the brain is bumped agaist the skull as the result of a severe blow to the head - What are the ways that the brain and spinal cord are protected?
-
1. Cerebrospinal Fluid
2. Meninges
3. Skull
4. Spinal Column - Cerebrospinal Fluid
- -Shock-absorbing fluid cushioning the brain and spinal cord
- Meninges
- -Three layes of special connective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord
- Skull
- -Bony helmut covering the entire brain, formed by several fused bones
- Spinal column
- -Hard, bumpy structure known as your backbone that protects the spinal cord
- Vertebrae
- -Small bones that make up the spinal column
- How many vertebrae make up the spinal column?
- 26 vertebrae
- What keeps the bones of the spinal column from rubbing against each other as you move?
- -Cartilage
- What is the Peripheral Nervous system made up of?
- Nerves that carry information to and from the brain.
- Sensory Nerves
- -Responsible for receiving stimuli and carrying the messages to either the brain or the spinal cord
- Motor nerves
-
-responsible for carrying messagges back from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles and glands.
-Tell muscles when to contract - Association Nerves
- -Part of the central nervous system and connect the sensory and motot nerves
- What are the special nerve cells that receive information from the outside world?
- -Receptors
- What types of information do the receptors receive?
- Pressure, temperature, pain, taste, smell, seeing light, dark, shapes, and color.
- What are the two parts of the Peripheral Nervous system?
-
1. Somatic Nervous System
2. Autonomic Nervous System - Which part of the nervous system is under conscious control?
- -Somatic Nervous System
- Which nervous system controls the smooth muscle that lines the internal organs?
- -Automatic nervous system
- What are the functions of the Autonomic Nervous System?
-
-Controls smooth muscle of internal organs
-Controls glands of the endocrine system
-Causes heart rate and breating to speed up if stressed or excited
- -
The optic nerve leading into your eye is part of the _____________ ___________
system. - -peripheral nervous system
- Reflex action
- -involuntary action
- Reflex Arc
- -a special 'short-cut'pathway of nerves used with a reflect action