Topic 9: The Endocrine System
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What are endocrine glands?
- 1. are invaginations of epithelial cells 2. release product (ie: hormone) to inside of body; blood transports product
- What determines response to hormone?
- Specific target cells with specific receptors for that hormone.
- What are the two general types of hormones?
- 1. Tropic: act on another endocrine gland to produce its hormone 2. Non-tropic: act on target cell to produce an event
- What can a single endocrine gland do?
- *produce more than one hormone (ie: anterior pituitary, produces 6 hormones)
- What can a single hormone do?
- *may be produced by more than one endocrine gland *may have more than one type of target cell
- What can happend to target cells?
- they can be influenced by more than one hormone
- Can a single chemical be a hormone and a neurotransmitter?
- Yes
- Nervous system vs. Endocrine System
- Nervous system - coordinates rapid, precise responses and is especially important in interactions with external environment Endocrine system - tends to control activities that require duration, not speed.
- What are peptides?
- *small proteins *produced by pancreas GI tract, kidney, liver, thymus, heart *hydrophillic and lipophobic *transports in blood: dissolved in plasma *ie: insulin
- What are Amines?
- *from amino acid tyrosine *two different types 1. thyroid amines 2. Adrenal medulla
- What are Thyroid amines?
- *T3 and T4 *lipophilic and hydrophilic *transports in blood: bound to protein in blood
- What are Adrenal Medulla in Amines?
- *catecholamines (NE and epi) *hydrophilic and lipophilic *transport in blood: dissolved in plasma
- What is paracrine?
- Chemical msg. is released and travels by diffusion ie: inflammation
- What is Autocrine?
- Chemical msg. acts on same cell that released it by diffusion.
- What is a neurotransmitter?
- chemical msg. released by neuron that travels by diffusion.
- What is a hormone?
- chemical msg that is transported to the target cell by the blood
- What are steroids?
- *derived from cholesterol *produced by: adrenal cortex, gonads, placenta during pregnancy *lipophilic, hydrophobic *transport in blood: bound to protein in blood
- What are hydrophilic hormones?
- *peptides and catecholamines *can't pass thru lipid bilayer of membrane *binds to receptor on membrane *opens/closes ion channels which changes membrane permeability/potential or *triggers second msger system which amplify the signla received by the membrane recptor which alters activity of pre-existing proteins (usually enzymes)
- What are lipophilic hormones?
- *steroids and thyroid homones *are able to pas through lipid bilayer of membrane of target cells *interact iwth DNA in nucleus of target cell *alter transcription of DNA *Causes the formation of new proteins (usually enzymes)
- Name two systems in the Non-tropic endocrine system.
- Pineal Gland Pancreas
- What is the Pineal Gland?
- *located in brain *responds to amt of light, wavelength of light *produces melatonin (primary func: regulates body's bilogical clock and promoted as wonder drug for jet lag)
- What is the pancreas?
- *responds to blood glucose levels *releases insulin which promotes uptake of glucose by cells from blood *releases glucagon which promotes incrase in blood glucose levels
- Name the three tropic sytems of the endocrine system
- Hypothalamus, pituitary and anterior