ch. 38-42
Terms
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- skin traction
- applied to the skin, boots, wraps, tape, or splints are used
- Graves' disease
- is an autoimmune disease- most common form of hyperthyroidism, when the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and ends up producing excess amounts of thyroxine. Signs and symptoms include anxiety, problems sleeping, rapid heart rate, weight loss, and bulging eyes
- Intake and output
- I&O
- stomatitis
- inflammation of the mouth
- heart failure
- aka congestive heart failure(CHF), occurs when the heart is weakened and cannot pump normally
- cancer
- malignant tumor
- benign prostatic hyperplasia
- BPH
- Acute myocardial infarction
- AMI
- Human immunodeficiency virus
- HIV
- angina
- chest pain
- stroke
- third leading cause of death in the U.S.; a disease that affects the arteries that supply blood to the brain
- diverticulosis
- condition of having pouches on the colon
- preventing autonomic dysreflexia
- monitior urinary output, prevent UTI, prevent pressure ulcers, avoid tight clothing, report menstrual cramps to the nurse
- gallstones
- women, over age 60, fasting, losing weight quickly, pregnant are persons at risk for
- osteoarthritis
- most common type of arthritis causesd by aging, being overweight, stress, muscle weakness, hereditary, and joint injury
- tuberculosis
- TB
- those at risk for AIDS
- 45 years and up over 221,000 cases spread through IV and sexual conduct
- hypoglycemia
- low sugar in the blood
- chemotherapy
- hair loss (alopecia), GI irritation such as stomatitis, and decreased production of blood cells are side effects of
- closed reduction
- also known as external fixation is when the doctor moves bones back into place without exposing it
- hepatitis c
- spread through blood contaminated with hepatitis c virus
- signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis
- joint stiffness, pain, swelling, and tenderness
- hemiplegia
- paralysis on one side of the body
- osteoporosis
- the bones become brittle and porous
- transient ischemic attack
- TIA
- treatment of angina
- a nitroglycerin tablet, is placed under tongue, where it can dissolve and enter bloodflow quickly
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- COPD; chronic: bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, they all are disorders that interfere with O2 and CO2 exchange
- oliguria
- urine is less than 400mL in 24 hrs
- osteoarthritis
- pain relief, heat application, exercise, rest and joint care, weight control, healthy lifestyle are treatments of
- oliguria
- scant urine
- pneumonia
- inflammation and infection of lung tissue
- amputation
- the removal of all or part of an extremity
- gestational diabetes
- develops during pregnancy
- closed fracture
- the bone is broken but the skin is intact; also known as a simple fracture
- asthma attacks
- sudden shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, rapid pulse, sweating,and cyanosis
- hypertension
- high blood pressure; the systolic pressure is 140 mm Hg or higher, or the diastolic pressure is 90 mm Hg or higher
- common bile duct
- where the gallbladder pushes bile after it contracts
- hepatitis a
- spread through fecal-oral route
- pyelonephritis
- inflammation of the kidney pelvis
- TB
- bacterial infection in the lungs, can occur in the kidneys, bones, joints, NS, muscles, and other parts
- sputum
- seen with pneumonia, is a thick and white, green, yellow, or rust colored
- Amyotropic lateral sclerosis
- ALS
- TURP
- is a common surgery whose care plan includes no straining or sudden movements, drinking at least 8 cups of water daily to flush the bladder, no straining to have a bowel movement, a balanced diet to prevent constipation, no heavy lifting
- treatment for type 1 diabetes
- daily insulin therapy, healthy eating, and exercise to control blood pressure, cholesterol, and other CAD risk factors
- stroke
- caused by a blood vessel in the brain that bursts, bleeding occurs in the brain or a blood clot blocks blood flow to the brain
- Persistent vegetative state
- PVS
- myocardial infarction
- MI
- lumbar injuries
- sensory and muscle functions in the legs is lost; paraplegia
- arthritis
- joint inflammation
- bile
- greenish liquid made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder until the body needs it to break down fats
- coronary artery disease
- CAD
- pubic lice
- causes intense itching
- Myocardial Infraction
- aka heart attack, Acute MI, Acute coronary syndrome, coronary thrombosis, coronary
- helping Congestive Heart Failure
- APLYING ELASTIC STOCKING, MAINTAINING GOOD ALIGNMENT, MEASURING DAILY WEIGHT,measuing I&O, RESTRICTING fluids as ordered
- hypoglycemia causes
- missing a meal, too much insulin/ diabetic drugs, increased exercise, drinking alcohol
- Multiple Sclerosis
- chronic disease, symptoms usually start btwn 20 and 40
- urostomy
- a surgically created opening (stomy) btwn the ureter (uro) and the abdomen
- pre-hypertension
- when the systolic pressure is btwn 120 and 139 mm Hg or the diastolic is btwn 80 and 89 mm Hg
- chronic renal failure
- is when the kidneys cannot meet the body's needs; nephrons in the kidney are destroyed over many years and hypertension and diabetes are common causes
- emesis
- vomitus
- vomiting
- turn the person to one side, provide oral hygiene, eliminate odors, provide comfort , place a kidney basin under person's chin when dealing with
- caring for persons in traction
- keep the person in good alignment, don't remove traction, give skin care as directed, keep weights off floor, position person as directed
- renal calculi
- severe cramping pain in the back, pain in the abdomen thigh and urethra, nausea and vomiting, fever and chills, dysuria are 5 signs and symptoms of
- stroke
- lateral position to prevent aspiration, prevent contractures, food and fluid needs meet,establish communication methods, encourage self care are methods needed for caring for those with a
- signs of gallstones
- steady pain in upper abdomen, prolonged pain, chills, nausea, jaundice, clay-colored stools
- chronic bronchitis
- occurs after repeated bronchitis, inflammation of the bronchi
- carbon dioxide
- CO2
- cervical injuries
- sensory and muscle functions of the arms, legs, and trunk is lost, this person is quadriplegia
- hyperglycemia
- undiagnosed diabetes, not enough insulin, eating too much, too little exercise, infection or sickness are causes of
- AIDS
- loss of appetite, fever, headache, memory loss, lack of energy are signs and symptoms of
- AIDS
- caused by a virus, called human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), that attacks the immune system
- hyperglycemia
- weakness, drowsiness, thirst, dry mouth, rapid or weak pulse, coma, convulsions, sweet breath odor, hunger, frequent urination, flushed face are signs and symptoms of
- radiotherapy
- depends on the body part being treated, burns, skin breakdown, and hair loss can occur at treatment site are side effects of
- autoimmune disorder
- organs growing abnormally, body tissue becomes destroyed, change in body functions are signs of
- pyuria
- pus in the urine
- fracture
- a broken bone
- gum disease
- break down of the gums
- MI
- part of the heart dies
- paralysis
- prevent falls, keep bed low, prevent burns, keep I&O reports, prevent pressure ulcers are the care of persons with
- signs and symptoms of parkinson's disease
- tremors, rigid stiff muscles, slow movements, stooped posture and impaired balance, and mask-like expression
- warning signs of stroke
- sudden: severe headache with no cause, confusion, numbness, trouble seeing
- tetraplegia
- quadriplegia
- treatment for diabetes
- good foot care to prevent infection and amputation, blood glucose also needs to be checked 3-4 times a day
- Tramuatic brain injury
- TBI
- hip fractures
- post-operative problems present life-threatening risks including pneumonia, atelectasis (part of the lungs collapses), UTI's, thrombi (blood clots)
- signs and symptoms of hepatitis
- jaundice, appetite loss, dark urine, skin rash, weight loss
- intravenous
- IV
- metastasis
- the spread of cancer to other body parts
- type 1 diabetes
- the pancreas produce little to no insulin
- diverticulitis
- condition when pouches become inflamed or infected
- arthroplasty
- the surgical replacement of a joint
- spinal cord injuries
- young men have the highest risk
- emphysema
- alveoli enlarges, and become less elastic and do not expand and shrink normally
- most common symptom of GERD
- HEARTBURN
- radiation therapy/radiotherapy
- destroys certain tumors, shrinks a tumor before surgery, destroys cancer cells that remain in an area after surgery, controls tumor growth to prevent or relieve pain
- benign tumor
- a tumor that does not spread to other body parts; it can grow to a large size
- risk factors for diabetes
- includes a family history of the disease;type 1 whites are more at risk than non whites, children, teenagers, and young adults; type 2 more common in older and overweight, ethnic groups include African Americans, Native American, and Hispanics
- risk factors f CAD
- gender, age, family history, being overweight, smoking
- hepatitis B virus
- HBV
- chlamydia
- may not show symptoms, discharge from the penis or vagina, burning or pain on urination, testicular swelling, vaginal bleeding, nausea, rectal inflammation
- urinary diversion
- a new pathway for urine to exit the body
- hepatitis b
- caused by the hepatitis b virus, present in blood and body fluids of infected persons
- Traumatic brain injury
- TBI, occurs when a sudden trauma damages the brain
- 5 care plan steps for acute renal failure
- measuring and recording intake and output, restricting fluid intake, measuring weight daily, frequent oral hygiene, measures to meet emotional needs
- rules for cast care
- keep it dry, elevated, don't insert anything, report rough edges, report pain
- BPH
- process of when the prostate grows larger; generally as the man grows older
- dysuria
- difficult or painful urination
- trichomoniasis
- occurs in women, frothy thick foul smelling yellow vaginal discharge; men are carriers, men show no symptoms
- open fracture
- the broken bone has come through the skin; also known as a compound fracture
- signs and symptoms of MS
- vision problems, pain, speech problems, hearing loss, fatigue
- type 2 diabetes
- pancreas produces insulin but the body can't use it well
- congestive heart failure
- CHF
- effects of stroke
- loss of face or body control, hemiplegia, changing emotions, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), aphasia or slurred speech
- cancer
- is the # 2 killer in the U.S
- renal calculi
- are kidney stones; white men btwn the ages of 20-40 yrs are at risk
- treatment for type 2 diabetes
- healthy eating and exercise to control blood pressure, cholesterol, and other CAD risk factors
- oxygen
- O2
- care for ALS
- communication methods, hospice care, social support, mechanical breathing, and range of motion exercises
- acute coronary syndrome
- ACS
- genital warts
- warts in or on the male or female genitals
- phantom limb pain
- feeling pain in a removed limb
- Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
- JRA
- tumor
- a new growth of abnormal cells, can be malignant or benign
- Cerebrovascular accident
- CVA
- signs and symptoms of diabetes
- being very thirsty, urinating often, feeling very hungry or tired, losing weight without trying, having sores that heal slowly, blurred vision
- Activities of daily living
- ADL
- jaundice
- yellowish color of the skin and whites of the eyes
- compound fracture
- an open fracture
- cancer
- pain relief or control, rest and excercise, fluids and nutrition, preventing skin breakdown, preventing skin breakdown are 5 needs of those with
- paraplegia
- paralysis in the legs and lower trunk
- gonorrhea
- burning and pain on urination, urinary infrequency and urgency, genital discharge are signs of
- autonomic dysreflexia
- syndrome affects persons with spinal cord injuries above the mid-thoracic level, signs and symptoms include high blood pressure, throbbing headache, blurred vision, nausea, anxiety
- Multiple sclerosis
- MS
- signs and symptoms of GERD
- dysphagia( trouble swallowing), choking sensation, dry cough, bad breath, sore throat
- esophagitis
- when the acid from the stomach irritates and causes inflammation in the esophagus
- disabilities of TBI
- cognitive problems, sensory problems, communication problems, coma, stupor
- hematuria
- blood in the urine
- millimeters of mercury
- mm Hg
- diabetes complications
- blindness, renal failure, nerve damage, and damage to the gums and teeth, heart and blood vessel diseases, infection and gangrene can occur and sometimes amputation is necessary
- CDC recommendations for FLU vaccine
- for those over 50, have diabetes, have immune system problems, severe form of anemia, 3 months pregnant
- hepatitis
- inflammation of the liver
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- RA
- congenital
- to be born with
- vomitus
- food and fluids expelled from the stomach through the mouth; emesis
- signs and symptoms of cancer
- thickening or lump in the breast or any other part of the body, new mole or an obvious change in an existing mole, a sore that doesn't heal, hoarseness or cough that does not go away, changes in bowel or bladder habits, discomfort after eating, a hard time swallowing, weight gain or loss for no reason, feeling weak or very tired
- diverticulum
- a pouch in the colon
- sizes of gallstones
- vary from the size of a grain of salt to a golf ball
- shingles
- herpes zoster; same virus as in chickenpox
- lupus
- is an autoimmune disease- an inflammatory disease affecting the blood cells, joints, skin, kidneys, lungs, heart or brain
- transurethral resection of the prostate
- TURP
- smoker's cough
- in the morning is often the first symptom, at first the cough is dry, overtime coughs up mucous with pus
- stroke
- nausea, vomiting, and memory loss are warning signs of
- arthritis
- joint inflammation, it is the most common joint disease
- autoimmune disorders
- when the immune system causes disease by attacking it's own normal cells
- how hepatitis c is spread?
- blood contaminated with virus, iv drug use, inhaling cocaine through contaminated straws, high-risk sexual activity, sharing a toothbrush
- cystitis
- a bladder (cyst) infection
- parkinson's disease
- a slow, progressive disorder with no cure
- casts
- are made of plaster of paris, plastic, or fiberglass
- skeletal traction
- applied directly to the bone, using wires or pins
- signs and symptoms of cystitis/bladder infection
- urinary frequency, oliguria, dysuria, pain or burning on urination, foul-smelling urine, hematuria(blood in urine), pyruria(pus in urine), fever
- amyotrophic lateral symptoms
- ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease,has no cure, attacks the nerve cells that control voluntary muscles; Overtime the person cannot move their limbs
- most common risk factor of COPD
- cigarette smoking; pipe, cigar, and other smoking tobaccos are also risk factors
- diuresis
- the process of passing urine; large amounts of urine are produced (1,000 to 5,000 mL a day)
- Immune system disorders
- MS, RA, Type 1 diabetes
- syphilis
- has stages/ Stage 1-10 to 90 days after exposure/ painless sores(chancres) on the penis, in the vagina, or on the genitalia, may be anywhere on the body, stage 2- (3 to 6 weeks) general fatigue, loss of appetitie, nausea, fever, etc./stage 3- (3-15 yrs after infection) cns damage, heart damage, blindness, liver damage, etc.
- open reduction
- internal fixation; requires surgery, bone is exposed
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- COPD
- chemotherapy
- uses drugs that kill cancer cells, shrinks a tumor before surgery, kill cells that break off to prevent metastasis, relieve symptoms caused by cancer
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- AIDS
- autoimmune disorders
- RBC, blood vessels, connective tissue, endocrine glands, muscles, joints, skin are organs commonly affected with
- center for disease control and prevention
- CDC
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
- a disease in which the stomach contents flow back from the stomach into the esophagus.
- quadriplegia
- paralysis in the arms, legs, and trunk; also known as tetraplegia
- sexually transmitted disease
- STD
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
- GERD
- urinary tract infection
- UTI
- RISK FACTORS OF CANCER
- growing older, tobacco, sunlight, ionizing radiation, certain chemicals and other substances, some viruses and bacteria, certain hormones, family history of cancer, alcohol, poor diet or lack of physical activity
- asthma
- airway becomes inflammed and swollen
- gallstones
- can lodge ducts that block bile which can cause inflammation of the gallbladder and the ducts leading to death
- signs and symptoms of a fracture
- pain, swelling,loss of function, limited or no movement of the part, movement where motion should not occur, bleeding
- herpes
- painful, blister-like sores on or near the genitals
- thoracic injuries
- sensory and muscle functions below the chest is lost, this person has paraplegia
- stroke
- cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack; LEADING CAUSE OF DISABILITY IN ADULTS
- hypoglycemia signs and symptoms
- hunger, fatigue, weakness, sweating, headache, dizziness, low bp, cold or clammy skin
- simple fracture
- closed fracture
- transient ischemic attack
- warning signs of stroke last only a few moments
- malignant tumor
- a tumor that invades and destroys nearby tissue and can spread to other body parts
- ALS
- doesn't affect the mind, intelligence, or memory, sight, smell, taste, hearing, or touch