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Sience: Nervous System, Skeletal, & Muscular System

Terms

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cerebrum
responsible for voluntary actions
synapse
the place where chemicals pass signals from one neuron to the next
meninges
wrapped in 3 layers of connective tissues
tissue
consist of groups of similar cells that perform a single function
immune system
serves as a barrier against infection or injury
thalamus
receives messages from all of the sensory receptors throughout the brain; gateway from PNS to CNS
axon
the long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body
dendrites
spreading out from the cell body are short, branched extensions
stimulants
increase the actions regulated by the nervous system
ossification
bone formation
muscular system
together with the skeletal system, gives the body the ability to move
actin
thin filaments containing this protein
skeletal system
includes bones, ligaments, cartilage, and tendons
endocrine system
controls growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction
myosin
thick filaments containing this protein
neuromuscular junction
point of contrast between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle cell
neurotransmitters
are chemicals used by by a neuron to transmit and impulse across the synapse
resting potential
neuron not conducting an impulse
joint
one bone attaches to another
epithelial tissue
includes glands, and tissues that cover interior and exterior body surfaces
haversion canals
contain blood vessels and nerves
cerebellum
responsible for involuntary actions
taste buds
detect taste
muscle tissue
enables the body to move
nervous tissue
transmits nerve impulses throughout the body
digestive system
converts food into simple molecules
connective tissue
provides support for the body and connects its parts
tendons
connective tissue that joins skeletal muscles and bones
brain stem
connects brain to spinal cord, bodies most important functions
depressants
decrease the rate of function regulated by the brain
excretory system
includes kidneys, lungs, and urinary bladder
bone marrow
cavaties with soft tissue
cones
distinguish color
ligaments
hold bones together in a joint
photoreceptors
convert light energy into nerve impulses that are carried to CNS
acetylcholine
diffuse across the synapse producing an impulse in the cell membrane of muscular fiber
threshold
minimum level of a stimulus that is required to activate a neuron
hypothalamus
responsible for hunger and thirst
rods
do not distinguish colors
cartilage
connective tissue the embryo is made of
cell body
the largest part of a typical nueron
myelin sheath
axon is surronded by
reflex
a quick, automatic response to a stimulus
action potential
when conducting electrical impulse
cochlea
vibrations of the oval window create pressure waves in the fluid filled
circulatory system
includes heart, blood vessels, and blood
periosteum
tough layer of connective tissue
nervous system
includes brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervs
organ
consist of groups of tissues that work together to perform a single function
neurons
cells that transmit impulses
cerebrospinal fluid
bathes the brain and spinal cord and acts as a shock absorber that protects the CNS
respiratory system
brings oxygen to the body and rids the body of carbon dioxide
organ system
consist of organs that perform closely related functions
sensory receptors
react to a specific stimulus by sending impulses to other neurons and CNS
feedback inhibition
process by which new information changes an original process

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