Bio Endocrine Chapter
Terms
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- what does the endocrine system do?
- it is responsible for chemical regulation. stimuli may cause certain glands to secrete hormones which cause other parts of the body to respond
- hormones
- chemical messengers that cause other parts of the body to respond
- what does the endocrine system include?
- the endocrine glands and their hormones
- ductless glands
- the glands of the endocrine system that release hormones directly into the blood stream
- target tissue
- each hormone acts on a certain kind of tissue called target tissue
- where is the pituitary gland and what hormone does it secrete?
- at the base of the brain---growth hormone
- what does the growth hormone do?
- stimulates elongation of long bones of the body and affects metabolism
- what happens if growth hormone is oversecreted or undersecreted?
-
over- giantism (childhood)
acromegaly (enlarge of body parts in adults)
under- dwarfism in children - what hormone does the thyroid gland secrete and where is it?
- located in the neck---secretes thyroxin
- what does thyroxin do?
- regulates rate of metabolism--essential for normal physical and mental development
- what happens it thyroxin os over in under secreted?
-
over-nervousness, weight loss
-under-in children- mental retardation and small size - goiter
- enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by an iodine defficiency
- location of parathroid gland and what it secretes
- embedded in back of thyroid gland--secretes parathormone
- what does parathormone do?
- controls metabolism of calcium, necessary for normal nerve and muscle function, blood clotting, healthy bones and teeth
- what happens when parathormone is undersecreted?
- nerve disorders, brittle bones, clotting problems
- what does adrenal secrete and where is it located?
- located on top of each kidney---secretes cortisone and adrenaline
- what does cortisone do?
- regulates carbohydrate, protein, fat metabolism, promotes conversion of fats and proteins to glucose
- what does adrenaline do?
- raises blood sugar level and increases heartbeat and breathing rates
- what happens when there is an over and undersecretion of cortisone?
-
oversecretion--Cushing's disease (high blood glucose levels, excess fat)
undersecretion- Addison's disease (low blood glucose level, weight loss) - what happens when there is an undersecretion of adrenaline?
- the inability to deal with stress
- where is the islets of Langerhans located and what does it secrete?
- located in the pancreas and secretes insulin and glucagon
- what does insulin do?
- stimulates glucose uptake by cells
- what happens when there is an under and oversecretion of insulin?
-
over- low blood sugar
under-diabetes (high blood sugar) - what does glucagon do?
- promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose
- what happens when there is an oversecretion of glucagon?
- high blood sugar