A&P Endocrine
Terms
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- 3 Characteristics of Anterior pituitary hormones
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1. Protiens
2. Acts thru 2nd messenger systems
3. Regulated by hormonal stimuli, and in most cases, neg feedback - Growth Hormone (GH)
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General metabolic hormone
plays important role in determining final body size, effects geared towards bones - Acromegaly
- hypersecretion of GH after long bone growth has ended
- Pituitary Dwarfism
- Hyposecretion of GH during childhood, max adult height 4 ft
- Giantism
- hypersecretion of GH during childhood 8-9ft
- Thyriod stimulating Hormone TSH aka Thyrotropic Hormone
- influences growth and activity of thyroid gland ANTERIOR PIT
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH
- Regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex portion of the adrenal gland ANTERIOR PIT
- Gonadotropins FSH, LH, ICSH
- Regulates Ovaries and testies hormonal activity ANTERIOR PIT
- Prolactin PRL
- Protien hormone target tissue is breasts. After child birth it stimulates and maintains milk production in mother ANT PIT
- ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
- Thyroid stim hormone TSH, Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH, Gonadotropins FSH LH ICSH, Prolactin PRL
- Antidiuretic Hormone ADH
- AKA Vasopressin Inhibits or prevents urine production, causes kidneys to reabsorb more H2O from the forming urine
- Diabetes Insipidus
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Hyposecretion of ADH leads to this condition of excessive urine output
s/s: thirst, drink excessively - Thyroxine T4 and Triiodothyronine T3
- T4 is major hormone secreted by thyroid, both control rate of which glucose is burned and converted to heat and enerty *Made of IODINE
- Myxedema aka Hypothyroidism
- Physical and mentally sluggish, Puffy face, fatigue, poor muscle tone, lower body temp, cold, obesity, dry skin
- Creatinism
- Hyposecretion of thyroxine, lack of stimulation by TSH, results in Dwarfism
- Graves Disease
- One form of hyperthyroidism, usually result of tumor in thyriod
- Thyrocalcitionin (Calcitonin)
- lowers blood calcium levels by causing Calcium to be deposited in the bone
- PTH parathyriod Hormone
- most important regulator of Calcium Ions homeostasis in blood, stim bone to break down, and release Ca into bl.
- Hypoparathyriodism vs Hyperparathyroidism
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Hyper- Bone destruction
Hypo- Neurons become irritable and overactive, Tetney occurs - Mineralcorticoids
- ALDOSTERONE, produced in adrenal cortex, important in NA+ content in the blood, target cells is kidney tubules
- Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
- prevents aldosterone release, gooal being to reduse blood vol and blood pressure
- Hyperaldosteronism
- result of tumors, hyperactivity of adrenal cortex, excessive H2O and NA are retained leading to high BP and edema
- Glucorcorticoids
- Adrenal cortex produces, Helps body resist long term sterssors, Rases BGM
- Addisons Disease
- major s/s bronze tone of skin. because aldosterone levels are low NA and H2O are lost
- Cushings syndrome
- excessive output of glucocorticiods, results in moon face, buffalo hump etc
- Epinephrine
- AKA Adrenaline, fight or flight, made by ADRENAL MEDULLA, Catecholamine
- Norepinephrine
- AKA noradrenaline, rest or digest, made by ADRENAL MEDULLA, Catecholamine
- Adrenal Medulla
- The central part of the gland, secretes catecholamines, epinephrine and norepi when stim by sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous sys
- Adrenal Cortex
- the outer part of the gland, secretes mineral corticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens
- Insulin
- Produced in Pancreas islets in Beta cells, antag of Glucagon
- Estrogen
- produced by the Graafian follicles of ovaries
- Pineal gland
- small cone shaped gland found in the roof of the third vent of the brain, chem substances have been ID'd here
- Thymus
- located upper thorax, posterior to sternum, Decreases in size with age, produces hormone called thymosin, acts as incubator for T cells
- HCG Human chorionic gonadotropin
- Produced by embryo and then by fetal part of placenta
- A neuron who's primary function is to connect other neurons
- an association neuron
- Reticular Formation
- The brain area located in the cerebral cortex controlling the state of wakefulness or alertness
- Spinal reflex goes along what reflex arc?
- Receptor, afferent neuron, internuncial neuron, efferent neuron, effector
- Main function of the rods in the eye
- vision in the dim light
- Receptors for hearing
- cocliea
- Information is carried within a neuron ...
- Dendrite-Cell Body- Axon