USMLE 1 Pharm Endo
Terms
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DOC for long-term obesity management
MOA
(2) AE -
Orlistat
(Inhibits pancreatic lipases)
AE:
Steatorrhea,
GI pain -
Drug that acts as a short and long-term obesity management
MOA
(2) AE -
Sibutramine
(Serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitor)
AE:
Tachycardia,
HTN -
Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and decreases peripheral conversion of T4 -> T3
(3) AE -
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
AE:
Aplastic anemia,
skin rash,
Agranulocytosis (rare) - DOC for Turner's syndrome
-
Somatostatin
(also GH deficiency) - What (4) disorders does Octreotide (somatostatin analog) treat?
-
"C 8 (Oct) GAG":
Carcinoid,
Gastrinoma,
Acromegaly,
Glucagonoma - Tx for Central DI
- Desmopressin
-
Tx for Hypothyroidism
(3) AE -
Levothyroxine, Triiodothyronine
AE:
Tachycardia,
Heat intolerance,
Tremors -
(4) Dx that use Glucocorticoids as Tx
AE? -
Addisons Dz,
Inflammation,
Immune supression,
Asthma
AE: Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome - A 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor used to Tx BPH and promote hair growth*
- Finasteride
- a Non-steroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens at the testosterone receptor to Tx prostate CA
- Flutamide
- Tx PCOS
- Oral birth control
- (2) drugs that inhibit steroids and are used in PCOS to treat hirsutism
-
Ketoconazole,
Spironolactone -
Inhibits cGMP phosphodiesterase causing Inc cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum
(2) AE? -
Sildenafil (or Vardenafil)
AE:
headache,
blue-green vision
(head throbs w/ blue balls) -
what drug is both an agonist and antagonist to GnRH?
(explain)
Use for each? -
Leuprolide
Pulsitile fashion: Agonist
(Infertility)
Continuous: Antagonist
(prostate cancer) -
Partial agonist at estrogen receptors in pituitary gland.
Use?
AE? -
Clomiphene
(prevents Neg feedback to increase LH and FSH)
Use:
Stimulate Ovulation (infertility Tx)
AE:
Ovarian enlargement, multiple preg -
Competitive inhibitor of Progestins at progesterone receptor
Use?
(2) AE? -
Mifepristone (RU-486)
Abortifacient (prevents implantation)
AE:
Heavy bleeding,
GI upset - greatest AE of oral contraception
- Hypercoagulable state
-
Tx for hormone replacement therapy and Osteoporosis
(2) -
Raloxifene
(SERM),
Estrogen/Progesterone therapy - for contraception, what is in Oral, Depo and an implant?
-
Oral: E2/P4 combo
Depo: Medroxyprogesterone
Implant: Norgestrel -
DOC for Breast CA w/ estrogen receptors
AE? -
Tamoxifen
(SERM)
AE: Endometrial hyperplasia - what drug class has AE of Acne, decreased HDL, depression, hirsutism, weight gain
- Progestins
- Drug that activates E2 receptors in Endometrium and blocks them in Breast
- Tamoxifen
- Drug that activates E2 receptors in bone and blocks them in Breast and Endometirum
- Raloxifene
- DOC for reduction of bone resorption and increasing new bone formation
-
Alendronate
(bisphosphonate) - MOA of Etidronate
- Inhibition of the formation of Hydroxyapatite crystals
- DOC for Padget's Dz
- Calcitonin
- what is the treatment for Tetany following a thyroidectomy?
- Calcium gluconate
-
What drug is useful in testing endocrine function?
How?
MOA -
Metyrapone
Tests Pituitary-adrenal axis:
Inhibits 11b-OH - how do glucocorticoids work as anti-inflammatory and immunosupressive drugs?
- Reduce capillary permeability and edema at the inflam site and prevent PMNs from entering interstitial space
- DOC to inhibit Prolactin release
- Bromocriptine
- Rapid onset insulin form
- Lispro
- (2) Maintenance forms of insulin (peak 4 - 12 hrs)
-
NPH,
Lente - Longest acting insulin
- Glargine
- MOA of Sulfonylureas
- blocks K+ channels in Beta cell causing opening of Ca channels, releasing insulin from storage vesicles
-
DOC for Rickets or any Vit-D deficiency
MOA -
Calcitrol
(enhances intestinal absorption of calcium) - DOC androgen derivative for Endometriosis
-
Danazol
(monitor LFTs) -
Dx:
postmenopausal female develops weakness, polyuria and polydipsia; also mild acidosis and nephrocalcinosis -
Hypervitaminosis D
(too much Vit-D) - MOA of PTU
- Inhibition of Thyroidal Peroxidase
- what drug inhibits, by acting as a competitor, the accumulation of Iodide in thyroid follicular cells?
- Potassium Perchlorate
- what is the Tx for Graves Dz in pregnent woman?
- PTU
- Steroid derivative that promotes the synthesis of factors II, VII, IX and X and may interfere w/ effects of Warfarin or result in thromboemboli?
- Ethinyl Estradiol
- steroid to help promote lung maturity
- Betamethasone
- Drug that lowers serum calcium from cancers
- Plicamycin