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Bsc Ath Training Ch 6 & 8

Terms

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Unexpected serious occurence that may cause injuries requires immediate medical attention
emergency
a critical factor when emergencies occur
time
may worsen emergency situation
mistakes
in emergency, cardiovascular function is...
primary concern
Why should organizations have an emergency plan?
In order to respond efficeintly and quickly, help eliminate mistakes. It lowers the legal responsiblity if a plan is in effect
- may be varied depending on loc
- ATC assumes responsibility and
acts in assistive manner
- communication of policies
with yearly review
Working with emergency care providers
the four steps in an emergency procedure
triage, call for help, provide care, stabilize and transport
What is involved in the Scene Survey (triage)?
scene safety, PPE, mechanism of injury, stabilizatoin of cervical spine, number of injured, request help
Primary Survey includes...
-existence of life threatening diseases
-ABCs A-airway,b-breathing,c-circulation
Secondary Survery includes...
preferred if person in stable condition
-gather specific info on injury
-detailed evaluation of injury
-assessment of vital signs
-heat to toe survey
-Medical History (symptoms, allergies, medications)
-focused exam
-manage injuries
-re-assess
-referral
When is equipment removal necessary?
when you need to provide CPR or some other treatment.
-must remove facemasks
-helmets AND shoulder pads
-shoes
-jewelry
What does CPR stand for?
Cadiopulminory resussitatoin
ABC's of CPR?
a- airway opened
b- breathing restored
c- circulation restored
before you begin CPR what should you do?
position athlete supine
*must be on a hard surface*
-are they UNCONSCIOUS?
how many breaths when trying ot establish breathing?
2
In a partial obstruction of air pathway what should you do?
monitor closely, encourage coughing
In a complete obstruction of air pathway what should you do?
when no airflow,
cyanosis or unonsciousness
-----
Conscious- standing manual thrust maneuver
unconscious- chest compressions, finger sweep
What is an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)?
evaluates heart rhythms of victims experiencing cardiac arrest.
-can deliver electrical charge to heart
-fully automated - min. training needed
More effective than CPR
what is a hemorrhage?
abnormal discharge of blood
how do you stop external hemorage?
direct pressure
-elevatoin
-tourniquet (only if trained)
-pressure points
Upper & Lower whre needed
how do you stop internal hemorrage?
there's bruise (ecchymosis)
refer to hospital
what is are the three different types of hemorrages?
veinous - dark red, continuous flow
capillary - exudes from tissur and is reddish
arterial - flows in spurts and is bright red
what happens in Shock?
-pale moist skin
-weak vital signs
-altered lvl of consciousness
-restlessness and anxiousness
how to manage shock victim?
maintin core body temp
-elevate feet and legs 8-12 inches above heart
Heart attack victim?
chest or upper extremity
-shortness of breath
-sweating, nausea, lightheadedness
what happenes in a stroke?
oxygenated blood not getting to the brain
-sudden numbness in region body
-sudden confusion
-sudden lack of coordination
-sudden severe headache
what is core body temp/
98.6
amt of heat produced to stay alive?
basal metabolism
when metabolism rises to provide energy
exercise metabolism
artic ocean, ..
absoprtion of heat form outer sources
mechanisms for altering core temp?
sweat, blood vessel dilation/constrictoin, skeletal muscles (shivering), endocrine glands release hormones to alter metabolism
what happens when exercise in heat?
increased heart rate,
increased oxygen consumption,
increased sweat rate
when heat travels through 2 different temmperature surfaces?
conduction
require air movement, heat transferred to surrounding molecules, minimal effect
convection
dependent of moisture saturation already present in air and most imp. method of cooling
evaporation
heat exchange via electromagnetic waves,
sunlight heat absorption via radiation
radiation
time required for acclimatizatoin?
10-14 days
increase add more salt to diet day 1-5
Dehydration 3-5%
loss aerobic power
dehydration >5%
lose muscle strength
when to drink?
preactivity - 16oz prior to activity
during activity - as needed
after activity - replenish fluids lost
Fluid replacement choices?
Water is always good,
Sport drinks (6-8% CHO)
be wary of CHO%

NO caffeine, alcohol, or supplements
how to monitor hydration status?
Sweat rate formula,
Urine color,
Urine specific gravity
WBGT?
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index
WBGT function?
dry bulb - measure dry temp
wet bulb - measure humidity
black bulb - measure radiant
Sling psychrometer
swing above head, tells temp, not as accurate as WBGT
Hyperthermia
raised core body temp
-preventable
-supplement/drug use danger
Hypothermia
decrease in core body temp
3 cases: mild, medium, severe

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