Bsc Ath Training Ch 6 & 8
Terms
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- Unexpected serious occurence that may cause injuries requires immediate medical attention
- emergency
- a critical factor when emergencies occur
- time
- may worsen emergency situation
- mistakes
- in emergency, cardiovascular function is...
- primary concern
- Why should organizations have an emergency plan?
- In order to respond efficeintly and quickly, help eliminate mistakes. It lowers the legal responsiblity if a plan is in effect
-
- may be varied depending on loc
- ATC assumes responsibility and
acts in assistive manner
- communication of policies
with yearly review - Working with emergency care providers
- the four steps in an emergency procedure
- triage, call for help, provide care, stabilize and transport
- What is involved in the Scene Survey (triage)?
- scene safety, PPE, mechanism of injury, stabilizatoin of cervical spine, number of injured, request help
- Primary Survey includes...
-
-existence of life threatening diseases
-ABCs A-airway,b-breathing,c-circulation - Secondary Survery includes...
-
preferred if person in stable condition
-gather specific info on injury
-detailed evaluation of injury
-assessment of vital signs
-heat to toe survey
-Medical History (symptoms, allergies, medications)
-focused exam
-manage injuries
-re-assess
-referral - When is equipment removal necessary?
-
when you need to provide CPR or some other treatment.
-must remove facemasks
-helmets AND shoulder pads
-shoes
-jewelry - What does CPR stand for?
- Cadiopulminory resussitatoin
- ABC's of CPR?
-
a- airway opened
b- breathing restored
c- circulation restored - before you begin CPR what should you do?
-
position athlete supine
*must be on a hard surface*
-are they UNCONSCIOUS? - how many breaths when trying ot establish breathing?
- 2
- In a partial obstruction of air pathway what should you do?
- monitor closely, encourage coughing
- In a complete obstruction of air pathway what should you do?
-
when no airflow,
cyanosis or unonsciousness
-----
Conscious- standing manual thrust maneuver
unconscious- chest compressions, finger sweep - What is an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)?
-
evaluates heart rhythms of victims experiencing cardiac arrest.
-can deliver electrical charge to heart
-fully automated - min. training needed
More effective than CPR - what is a hemorrhage?
- abnormal discharge of blood
- how do you stop external hemorage?
-
direct pressure
-elevatoin
-tourniquet (only if trained)
-pressure points
Upper & Lower whre needed - how do you stop internal hemorrage?
-
there's bruise (ecchymosis)
refer to hospital - what is are the three different types of hemorrages?
-
veinous - dark red, continuous flow
capillary - exudes from tissur and is reddish
arterial - flows in spurts and is bright red - what happens in Shock?
-
-pale moist skin
-weak vital signs
-altered lvl of consciousness
-restlessness and anxiousness - how to manage shock victim?
-
maintin core body temp
-elevate feet and legs 8-12 inches above heart - Heart attack victim?
-
chest or upper extremity
-shortness of breath
-sweating, nausea, lightheadedness - what happenes in a stroke?
-
oxygenated blood not getting to the brain
-sudden numbness in region body
-sudden confusion
-sudden lack of coordination
-sudden severe headache - what is core body temp/
- 98.6
- amt of heat produced to stay alive?
- basal metabolism
- when metabolism rises to provide energy
- exercise metabolism
- artic ocean, ..
- absoprtion of heat form outer sources
- mechanisms for altering core temp?
- sweat, blood vessel dilation/constrictoin, skeletal muscles (shivering), endocrine glands release hormones to alter metabolism
- what happens when exercise in heat?
-
increased heart rate,
increased oxygen consumption,
increased sweat rate - when heat travels through 2 different temmperature surfaces?
- conduction
- require air movement, heat transferred to surrounding molecules, minimal effect
- convection
- dependent of moisture saturation already present in air and most imp. method of cooling
- evaporation
-
heat exchange via electromagnetic waves,
sunlight heat absorption via radiation - radiation
- time required for acclimatizatoin?
-
10-14 days
increase add more salt to diet day 1-5 - Dehydration 3-5%
- loss aerobic power
- dehydration >5%
- lose muscle strength
- when to drink?
-
preactivity - 16oz prior to activity
during activity - as needed
after activity - replenish fluids lost - Fluid replacement choices?
-
Water is always good,
Sport drinks (6-8% CHO)
be wary of CHO%
NO caffeine, alcohol, or supplements - how to monitor hydration status?
-
Sweat rate formula,
Urine color,
Urine specific gravity - WBGT?
- Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index
- WBGT function?
-
dry bulb - measure dry temp
wet bulb - measure humidity
black bulb - measure radiant - Sling psychrometer
- swing above head, tells temp, not as accurate as WBGT
- Hyperthermia
-
raised core body temp
-preventable
-supplement/drug use danger - Hypothermia
-
decrease in core body temp
3 cases: mild, medium, severe