biology124453
Terms
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- hypothesis
- a set of objectives that will be tested based on previous knowledge
- control group
- a standard against which an experimental group is compared
- biogenesis
- all life comes from living material
- metabolism
- a set of biochemical rxns that occurs in a cell, whether it produces energy, which will be used only by the cell itself, or synthesizes various organic substances or cell structures
- homeostasis
- the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body of an organism
- adaptation
- the ability of an organism to respond to its environment
- biological evolution
- the gradual modification of a population of living things sometimes resulting in a new species
- species
- a group of organisms that have similar features that in nature only breed among themselves. genus then species
- kingdom
- the highest division of organisms and places them in various divisions. we now have five: plants, animals, fungi, protista, monera
- cell
- the smallest unit that exhibits all traits of life
- tissues
- cells combine to form a higher organization
- organs
- tissues combine to create a highr organization
- organism
- organs combine to form a higher organization
- cell organelles
- structures found within a cell
- mitochondria
- an organelle that is involved with the production of energy
- ribosomes
- an organelle that is involved in the synthesis of proteins
- lysosomes
- an organelle that digests foreign substances within the cell proper
- plasma membrane
- the outside surface of a cell
- golgi complex
- an organelle which stores materials made by the cell to be swecreted from the cell
- chloroplasts
- an organelle only found in plants that absorbs the energy of the sun and converts it into food
- vacuoles
- an organelle only found in plants that stores substances made by the cell
- cell wall
- only found in plants and it is found outside the plasma membrane
- cell cycle
- the repeated pattern of cell division with the interphase consisting of Gap-1 in which involves cell maturation, and an S phase where DNA and proteins are synthesized. Gap-2 cells prepare for division, and M phase. Mitosis and meiosis.
- chromosomes
- carriers of the genetic information in the cell composed of DNA and chromosomal proteins
- homologous chromosomes
- refers to the match pair; one from mother and one from father. 46 chromosomes, 23 homologous pairs
- mitosis
- the part of the cell cycle where the original cell divides to yield two new cells each with the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the original cell
- meiosis
- the part of the cell cycle where the original cell divides to yield two new cells of the original el, but one member of each homologous pair. involves syntesis of new material and seperation of orgiinall chromosome from the newly synthesized one
- gonads
- the sexual organs
- centromere
- part of the chromosome that attaches to the spindle fibers during metaphase and anaphase
- telomere
- the cap at the end of a chromosome that is the "biological clock" controls how many cells can divide
- cytokinesis
- the cytoplasmic division of the mother cell to the daughter cells during telophase
- gametogenesis
- the formation of the sexual gametes during meiosis
- fertilization
- the actual combinations of the nucleus of the male and female
- compound
- a molecule of two or more elements in specific proportions
- energy
- is made by metabolism to result in actions and responses to our functioning and burning of food stuff in the form of ATP.
- ATP
- can not be transported throughout the body
- carbohydrates
- contain Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- monosaccharides
- glucose, fructose, and galactose 6C 12H 6"O
- disaccharides
- sucrose lactose fructose, sugars,.
- cellulose
- plant polysaccharide found in the cell wall
- proteins/ polypeptides
- chains of amino acids found in long chains called polypeptides; they make up enzymes. linear, secondary, tertiatu, and quaternary
- enzymes
- biological catalyssts that make rrxns require less nrg
- lipids
- are molecules involved with fats
- nucleic acids
- chain of nucleotides
- DNA
- is the genetic code and sequence of four nucleic acids that makes up our genetic dictionary
- RNA
- makes proteins
- photosynthesis
- the makin of foodstuffs for use in plants