chemistry semester one review
Terms
undefined, object
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- MATTER
- ANYTHING THAT TAKES UP SPACE
- MASS
- THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IN A GIVEN SPACE
- CONSERVATION OF MASS
- MATTER/MASS CAN NEITHER BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED IN ORDINARY CHEMICAL REACTIONS
- PHYSICAL CHANGE
-
A CHANGE WHERE NO NEW MOLECULE IS FORMED;
EX: HEAT, MELT, EVAPORATE,CONDENSE, AND SUBLIME - CHEMICAL CHANGE
-
A CHANGE WHERE NEW MOLECULE IS FORMED
EX: COLOR CHANGE, BURNING, GAS GIVEN OFF, PRECIPITATION - HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE
- A MIXTURE WHERE SUBSTANCES ARE UNEVENLY MIXED
- HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE
- A MIXTURE WHERE SUBTANCES ARE EVENLY MIXED
- MIXTURE
-
A PHYSICAL MIXING OF SUBSTANCES (MOLECULES REMAIN THE SAME...NO CHEMICAL REACTIONS)
EX: ROCKY ROAD ICE CREAM - MOLECULE
- A CHEMICAL MIXING OF SUBSTANCES (NEW MOLECULES ARE FORMED...OLD ARE GONE)
- COMPOUND
- A MOLECULE THAT CONTAINS TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS
- ELECTRON
-
PART OF THE ATOM WITH A NEGATIVE CHARGE
LOCATED IN THE ELECTRON CLOUD
MASS OF 0 amu - NEUTRON
-
PART OF THE ATOM WITH NO CHARGE
LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS
MASS OF 1 amu - PROTON
-
PART OF THE ATOM WITH A POSITIVE CHARGE
LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS
MASS OF 1 amu - ATOMIC NUMBER
- SAME AS NUMBER OF PROTONS IN AN ELEMENT
- ATOMIC MASS
- # OF Ps + # OF Ns
- ISOTOPE
- ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT WITH THE SAME ATOMIC NUMBER BUT A DIFFERENT ATOMIC MASS
- IONS
- ATOMS/MOLECULES THAT ARE CHARGED
- CATIONS
- POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS; LOSE ELECTRONS
- ANIONS
- NEGATIVELY CHARGED IONS; GAIN ELECTRONS
- PERCENT ABUNDANCE
- THE PERCENT OF ALL ATOMS OF AN ELEMENT WITH THE SAME ATOMIC MASS
- RUTHERFORD EXPERIMENT
- an experiment that involved shooting ALPHA PARTICLES AT A SHEET OF GOLD FOIL...CONLUDED THAT AN ATOM IS MOSTLY EMPTY SPACE WITH ALL OF THE MASS IN THE POSITVELY CHARGED NUCLEUS
- VALENCE ELECTRONS
- ELECTRONS IN OUTERMOST ENERGY LEVEL THAT ARE INVOLVED WITH BONDING AND REACTIONS
- ORBITALS (S,P,D,F)
- SHRODING'S PROBABILITY; THE MOST PROBABLE LOCATION OF ELECTRONS WITIN THE ENERGY LEVEL
- DMITRI MENDELEEV
-
1ST PERIODIC TABLE -- BASED ON INCREASING ATOMIC MASS AND SIMILAR PROPERTIES
ARRANGED ELEMENTS BY PROPERTIES - HENRY MOSELY
- BASED THE PERIODIC TABLE ON INCREASING ATOMIC NUMBER
- PERIOD
- A ROW OF THE PERIODIC TABLE (ACROSS)
- GROUP/FAMILY
- A COLUMN OF THE PERIODIC TABLE (UP/DOWN)
- MONO
- ONE
- DI
- TWO
- TRI
- THREE
- TETRA
- FOUR
- PENTA
- FIVE
- HEXA
- SIX
- HEPTA
- SEVEN
- OCTA
- EIGHT
- IONIC BONDING
- ATOMS HELD TOGETHER BY THE ATTRACTION OF OPPOSITE CHARGES; A METAL WITH A NON-METAL
- COVALENT BONDING
- ATOMS ARE HELD TOGETHER BY SHARING ONE PAIR OF ELECTRONS;OVERLAP OF THE LECTRON CLOUDS; NONMETAL WITH NONMETAL
- HEAT OF FUSIOIN
- HEAT THAT MUST BE ADDED TO MELT ONE MOLE OF A SOLID
- HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
- HEAT THAT MUST BE ADDED TO BOIL ONE MOLE OF A LIQUID