chem of life
Terms
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- isomers
- compounds that have the same simple (chem) formula but different 3-D structure
- isotopes
- atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
- cellulose
-
glucose polymer
forms the cell walls of plants and gices structural support
glucose hooked together in a net design - atom
- smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element
- lipids
-
organic compounds that have a large proportion of of C-H bonds and less oxygen than carbnohydrates
fats and oils
insoluble in water - compound
- is a substance that is composed of atoms of different elements chemically combined
- mixture
- combination of substances in which the individual substances keep their own properties
- molecule
-
group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
has no overall charge - solution
-
a mixture
in which one or more substances are evenly spread out in another substance - nucleus
- center of an atom
- starch
-
highly branched chains of glucose units
used as food storage by plants - covalent bond
- sharing electrons
- monosaccharide
-
simplest type of carbohydrate
simple sugar
ex- glucose, fructose - peptide bond
- this is the covalent bond formed between amono acids
- polysaccharides
-
many monosaccharides together
the largest carbohydrate units
ex- starch, cellulose, glycogen - ionic bond
- attractive force between oppositely charged ions
- DNA
-
deoxyribonucleic acid
master copy of an organism;s information code - ion
-
atom or molecule that that gains electrons (- charge)
or
looses electrons (+ charge) - polymer
- a large molecule formed when smaller molecules bond together, usually in long chains
- metabolism
-
all the chemical reactions in an organism that
break down and build molecules - nucleotides
- these polymers are the smaller subunits that make up the nucleic acids
- glycogen
-
animals store their food in this form
it is a glucose polymer
more branched than starch - nucleic acid
- complex macronucleotide that stores information in cells in the form of a code
- RNA
-
ribonucleic acid
forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis - carbohydrate
-
organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (HOC)
2:1:1 ratio - acid
-
any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water
pH 0-6 - enzyme
- a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction
- polar molecule
-
a molecule with an unequal distribution of charge
has a positive and a negative end - base
-
any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water
pH 8-14 - disaccharide
-
monosacch + monosacch=polysacch
two monosaccharides together
two sugar carbohydrate
ex- sucrose= table sugar - pH
-
measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
0-14 - amino acids
-
the basic building blocks of proteins
20 types
variety of shapes and sizes - protein
-
large complex polymer composed of HONC and sometimes sulfur
essential to all life
they build structure and cary out cell metabolism
held together by hydrogen bonds - hydrogen bond
-
weak bond
formed by the attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and other atoms
helps hold togetherlarge molecules such as proteins