dvlpmt of the hip joint
Terms
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- mesenchymal condensation is __________
- blastymal skeleton
- _________ takes place in the core of the pelvis and lower limb
- mesenchymal condensation (BLASTYMAL SKELETON)
- skeletal elements are primarily derived from ___________ with the exception of the mesoderm forming the ________ which is from the ____________
-
SOMATOPLEURE (somatic mesoderm)
sacrum
like all vertebrae is from the sclerotome portion of the somite - what happpens in the 4TH weeek fo hip development
-
the blastymal skeleton begins to condense out in the form of an increase in the number of cells.
it is still soft - what happpens in the 5TH weeek fo hip development
-
dense condensation of mesodermal tissue
primary site where bones, joints, and ligaments will eventually develop out of - condensations in hip form in what directions
- rostral to caudal and promimal to distal gradiants -- hip to foot
- CHONDRIFICATION
-
condensation of mesenchyme
initiation of cartilage formation
begins hip formation - PRECARTILAGE
- at the core of the blastymal skeleton, it is this that undergoes initial chondrification
- when does chondrification begin
- 6TH WEEK
- chondrification centers in the hip
-
One center in ILEUM, PUBIS, and ISCHIUM.
quickly followed by center in the FEMUR - PERICHONDRIUM
-
chondrification at the periphery of the mesenchymal condensation.
It is the parts of this developing membrane that connect the two bones, across the joint, that eventually give rise to JOINT CAPSUL and SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE - how does obturator foramen develop
- fusion of the cartilagenous positions of the inferior pubic ramus and the ischial ramus. This closes around birth and ossifies together sometime after puberty.
- OSSIFICATION of the femur
-
second bone in the body to begin OSSIFICATION.
begins during the 7th week of IU life
order:
SHAFT(7th week)
HEAD (around birth)
GREATER TROCHANTER (4th yr)
LESSER TROCANTER (13-14 yrs) - OSSIFICATION OF THE OS COXA
-
3 primary ossification centers
1)ILIUM (8th-9th week IU)
2)ISCHIUM (3rd month IU)
3)PUBIS (4th-5th mo IU) - ischiopubic ramus fuses
- 7-8 years post natal life
- Around 8-9 years e secondary ossification sites appear in acetabulum. Where are they
-
1) ilium
2) ischium
3) pubis - growth of the 3 secodnary ossification sites in the acetabulum gives rise to
- TRIRADIATE CARTILAGE - a large 3 rayed cartilage (Y shaped) which still seperates the ilium, ischium & pubis
- when do the secondary ossification sites in the acetabulum start to grow outward making the acetabulum deeper
- puberty
- during the development of the acetabulum if first increases in ______ and then _______
- breadth and then depth
- when does FEMUR of the triradiate cartilage occur
- 18-19 years
-
secondary ossifications in the femur
when does total fusion to the shaft occur -
head (end of 1st year
greater trochanter (4th year)
lesser trocanter (puberty)
18th-19th year - what happens to remaining hyalin cartilage as secondary ossification centers near completion
- retained as articular cartilage
- mesoderm existing between the early cartilaginous blastemas for the acetabulum and head of the femur give rise to what
- all other sx of the joint, including labrum, ligament of the head of the femur, and synovial membrane
- the joint capsule derives from __________ which was derived from _________.
-
the original perichondrium
cartilaginous blastema - what layer connects the two bones that are actually articulating and forms tha actual joint capsule itself
- cartilaginous blastema
- ligaments supporting the hip joint, including iliofemoral, ishiofemoral, and pubofemoral develop from what
- mesoderm external to the cartilaginous primordium of the femur and hip bone.
- in neweborn hip joint is ______
- flattened
- head of femur is critical in deepining hip joint T/F
- T
- head of femur out of place can cause the hip joint to develop incorrectly (acetabulum may be flattened) or hip joint can be dislocated T/F
- T
-
CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP (CDH)
prevolence
male female ratio
which side is more commonly affected -
1-10/1000 cases
1:6-8
left (20% bilateral) - dysplastic acetabulum
- abnormal sx. can lead to dislocation
- CDH - why
- fetal life and newborn, ligaments are somewhat lax.
- CDH- more common with
-
Cesarean sections & early postnatal periods (few days after birth)
motion testing is helpful but be careful - Dislocations are usually ______ and _______
- posterior / lateral
- dislocations without treatment
-
femoral head and neck can become deformed
acetabulum not adequately deep
pseudoarthrosis - "new joint" forms
mm develop shorter rxing motion. - Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency (PFFD)
- proximal part of femoral cartilage fails to develop adequatly, so part or all fo prox femur is absent.