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World History C6: Ancient Rome & Early Christianity (500B.C. - A.D. 500)

Terms

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A form of government with power in the citizens who have voting rights to elect their leaders.
What is a Republic? p156.
In ancient Rome, a member of the wealthy, privileged upper class.
What is a Patrician?
p. 156.
In ancient Rome, one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population.
What is a Plebian?
p. 156.
In ancient Rome, an official
elected by the Plebians to protect their rights against the Patricians.
What is a Tribune?
p. 156.
In Roman Republic, one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government.
What is a Consul?
p. 157.
In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up of only aristocrats.
What is the Senate?
p. 157.
In ancient Rome, a political leader gien absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time.
What is a Dictator?
p. 157.
A military unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 3,000-6,000 foot soldiers and a 100-200 cavalrymen.
What is a Legion?
p. 157.
In 264 B.C. Rome and Carthage went to war. One of 3 wars fought between 264 & 146 B.C. for control of Sicily & the Mediterranean Sea.
What were the Punic Wars?
p. 158.
A brilliant Carthagenian military general/strategist who wanted to avenge Carthage's defeat in 1st Punic War.
Who was Hannibal?
p. 158.
A conflict between two political groups within the same country.
What is a Civil War.
p. 161.
In 60 B.C., this military leader joined forces with Crassus, a wealthy Roman, and Pompey, a popular general to be elected Consul of Rome.
Who was Julius Caesar?
p. 161.
In ancient Rome, a group of three leaders sharing control of the government.
What is a Triumvirate?
p. 151.
In 43 B.C., Octaviun took control of Rome with help from Marc Antony (an experienced general) and Lepitus (powerful politician) and adopted this title.
Who was Augustus?
p. 162.
A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.
What is the Pax Romana?
p. 162.
A Jew born around 6-4 B.C. in the town of Bethlehem in Judea who preached the Gospels and Beatitudes. He was accused of Blasphemy by the Jewish Sanhedrin and condemned to die by crucifixion by Pontius Pilate at the will of the public for defying Roman au
Who was Jesus?
pp.168-69.
One of the 12 followers of Jesus who preached and spread the teachings of Jesus.
Who is an Apostle?
p. 168.
An apostle who had enormous influence on early Christanity's development as a Jew who never met Jesus and at first was an enemy of Christianity.
Who was Paul?
p. 170.
The dispersal of the Jews from their homeland in Palestine, especially during the period of more than 1,800 yrs. that followed the Romans destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem in A.D. 70.
What is the Diaspora?
p. 170.
In A.D. 312, this Roman Emperor fought against three rivals by selecting the Christian cause and cross as a symbol his soldiers shields. His victory was attributed to the Christian God.
Who was Constantine?
p. 171.
A high ranking Christian official who supervises a number of local churches.
What is a Bishop?
p. 171.
The apostle who traveled to Rome from Jerusalem and became their first Bishop.
Who was Peter?
p. 171.
The Bishop of Rome, as head of the Roman Catholic Church.
Who is the Pope?
p. 171.
A drastic drop in the value of money coupled with a rise in prices of goods.
What is Inflation?
p. 173
A soldier who is paid to fight in a foreign army.
What is a Mercenary?
p. 173.
A strong-willed army leader who became the Emperor in A.D. 284. He ruled with authority, limiting personal freedoms, curbed inflation by price-fixing, doubled size of Roman army and restored order and strength.
Who was Diocletian?
p. 174.
The city named by Emperor Constantine when he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium in present-day Turkey. Power shifted from West to East.
What is Constantinople?
p. 175.
In A.D.444. the Huns lead by Chieftain Attila with 100,000 warriors attacked East and West plundering 70 cities but not Constantinople or Rome.
Who was Attila?
p. 176.
The mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures produced this new culture.
What was Greco-Roman Culture? p. 178.
A Roman villa which was buried under the ashes of erupting Mount Vesuvius A.D.79 as well as Herculaneum. Villas were examples of Aristocratic Roman Society.
What was Pompeii?
p. 170.
This Roman poet spent 10 yrs. writing the most famous work of Latin literature, the Aeneid, an epic of the legendary Aeneas.
Who was Virgil?
p. 170.
A Roman historian who is notable among ancient historians because he preserves the facts accurately and was concerned w/ Romans lack of morality.
Who was Tacitus?
p. 181.
Designed by Roman engineers to bring water into cities and towns from far away. Lifted high up on arches to span rivers, ravines, etc.
What is an Aqueduct?

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