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Phychology Module 1

Terms

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test
refers to a combination of physiological, emotional, and cognitive components that are caused by the stress of taking exams and that may interfere with one's ability to think, reason, and plan
PSYCHOLOGY
is the systematic, scientific study of behaviors and mental processes.
BIOLOGICAL APPROACH
focuses on how our genes, hormones, and nervous system interact with our environments to influence learning, personality, memory, motivation, emotions, and coping techniques and other traits and abilities.
COGNITIVE APPROACH
examines how we process, store, and use information and how this information influences what we attend to, perceive, learn, remember, believe, and feel
BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
studies how organisms hearn new behaviors or modify existing ones, depending on whether events in their environments reward or punish these behaviors
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
stresses tha influence of unconscious fears, desires, and motivations on thoughts, behaviors, and the development of personality traits and psychological problems later in life
HUMANISTIC APPROACH
emphasizes that each inducidual has great freedon in directing his or her future, a large capacity for personal growth, a considerable amount of intrinsic worth, and enormous potential for self-fulfillment.
CROSS-CULTURAL APPROACH
examines the influence of cultureal and ethnic similarities and differences on psychological and social functioning of a culture's members
STRUCTURALISM
the study of the most basic elements, primarily sensations, and perceptions, that make up our conscious mental experiences.
FUNCTIONALISM
the study of the function rather than the structure of consciousness, was interested in how our minds adapt to our changing environment
INTROSPECTION
a method of exploring conscious mental processes by asking subjects to look inward and report teir sensations and perceptions
GESTALT APPROACH
emphasized that perception is more than the sum of its parts and studied how sensations are assembled into meaningful perceptual experiences.
PSYCHOMETRICS
focuses on the measurement of people's abilities, skills, intelligence, personality, and abnormal behaviors
SAVANTS
Autistic individuals who show some incredible memory, music, or drawing talent. They represent about 10% of the total number of autistics.
GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY
first- describe the different ways that organisms behave
second - explain the causes of behavior
third - predict how organisms will behave in certain situations
fouth - control an organism's behavior
SOCIAL COGNITIVE APPROACH
behaviors are influenced not only by environmental events and reinforcers but also by observation, imitation, and thought processes.

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