Phychology Module 1
Terms
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- test
- refers to a combination of physiological, emotional, and cognitive components that are caused by the stress of taking exams and that may interfere with one's ability to think, reason, and plan
- PSYCHOLOGY
- is the systematic, scientific study of behaviors and mental processes.
- BIOLOGICAL APPROACH
- focuses on how our genes, hormones, and nervous system interact with our environments to influence learning, personality, memory, motivation, emotions, and coping techniques and other traits and abilities.
- COGNITIVE APPROACH
- examines how we process, store, and use information and how this information influences what we attend to, perceive, learn, remember, believe, and feel
- BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
- studies how organisms hearn new behaviors or modify existing ones, depending on whether events in their environments reward or punish these behaviors
- PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
- stresses tha influence of unconscious fears, desires, and motivations on thoughts, behaviors, and the development of personality traits and psychological problems later in life
- HUMANISTIC APPROACH
- emphasizes that each inducidual has great freedon in directing his or her future, a large capacity for personal growth, a considerable amount of intrinsic worth, and enormous potential for self-fulfillment.
- CROSS-CULTURAL APPROACH
- examines the influence of cultureal and ethnic similarities and differences on psychological and social functioning of a culture's members
- STRUCTURALISM
- the study of the most basic elements, primarily sensations, and perceptions, that make up our conscious mental experiences.
- FUNCTIONALISM
- the study of the function rather than the structure of consciousness, was interested in how our minds adapt to our changing environment
- INTROSPECTION
- a method of exploring conscious mental processes by asking subjects to look inward and report teir sensations and perceptions
- GESTALT APPROACH
- emphasized that perception is more than the sum of its parts and studied how sensations are assembled into meaningful perceptual experiences.
- PSYCHOMETRICS
- focuses on the measurement of people's abilities, skills, intelligence, personality, and abnormal behaviors
- SAVANTS
- Autistic individuals who show some incredible memory, music, or drawing talent. They represent about 10% of the total number of autistics.
- GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY
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first- describe the different ways that organisms behave
second - explain the causes of behavior
third - predict how organisms will behave in certain situations
fouth - control an organism's behavior - SOCIAL COGNITIVE APPROACH
- behaviors are influenced not only by environmental events and reinforcers but also by observation, imitation, and thought processes.