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Study of blood

Terms

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Clinical Hematology        
  • 1st blood cells seen in 1642 Leeuwenhoek on the microscope
  • Platelets were discovered in 1842 by Donne
  • Cell differentiation and recognition continued in late 1880s
  • Stains were developed to aid in differentitaiton of cell typ
Clinical Hematology (extra info)
  • Harvy - circulation
  • Rim - 1st IV injection
  • Hueson - lymphocytes "Father of Hematology"
  • Joseph Lister - Anesthetics
  • Guillver - differentiated lymphocyte
  • Malassez - counted WBC by hemacytometer
Brief History continued  
  • Hematology was a branch of clinical medicine and pathology before 1920s
  • Discipline has grown tremendously in last 80 years
  • Now is a separate branch of medicine
  • Most analyses have also changed from manual testing to automati
Hematology

Presently includes:

  • normal and abnormal development of blood
  • physiology
  • function
  • rxn to disease
  • death and destruction of formed elements (i.e. cells, platelets) 
Primary Services offered by Hematology labs  
  • Specimen collection and preparation for examination
  • quantitative manual and instrumental measurement of cells
  • evaluation of cellular contents and components (i.e. what types are norma/abnormal components?)
  • Cellular identifi
Functions of blood     
  1. Transports dissovled gasses through the lung
  2. transports nutrient, wastes, enzymes, and hormones
  3. stabilizes pH and elecrolyte composition of interstitial fluids btween cells in tissue
  4. Prevents fluid losses
  5. defends ag
General Characterisitcs of Blood      
  • Male: 10-12 pints
  • Female: 8-10 pints
  • pH: 7.35-7.45
  • Blood is 10% body weight             &n
Components of blood
  1. Plasma
  •  water, electrolytes, nutrients, organic wastes, proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen)

      2. Formed elements

  • Erythrocytes
Layers of blood after centrifugation
  1. Plasma 54%
  • fluid fraction

      2. Buffy coat 1%

  • WBC & platelets
      3. Erythrocytes 45%
Blood collection tubes and additives
  1. Purple top - K3 EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid: binds Ca+
  2. Light blue top- Sodium citrate: removes Ca+
  3. Green top - Sodium heparin: anti-th
Sites and Techniques
  1. Capillary puncture: no needle
  2. Venous puncture
  3. Arterial puncture: very deep, dangerous because it is near nerves
Capillary puncture
  • soles of feet on newborn
  • use lancet 1-2 mm in skin
  • Earlobe: small tubes
  • Side of fingers in adults
  • never draw in ankle or feet on a cardiac patient
Venipuncture site: superficial veins
  1. Median cubital vein
  2. cephalic vein
  3. basilic vein
  4. median antebrachial vein
  • evacuated tube system: prevents blood from splattering
  • Hypodermic needle: can control vaccum, used for difficult draws

Deck Info

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