Study of blood
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
-
Clinical Hematology
-
- 1st blood cells seen in 1642 Leeuwenhoek on the microscope
- Platelets were discovered in 1842 by Donne
- Cell differentiation and recognition continued in late 1880s
- Stains were developed to aid in differentitaiton of cell typ
- Clinical Hematology (extra info)
-
- Harvy - circulation
- Rim - 1st IV injection
- Hueson - lymphocytes "Father of Hematology"
- Joseph Lister - Anesthetics
- Guillver - differentiated lymphocyte
- Malassez - counted WBC by hemacytometer
-
Brief History continued
-
- Hematology was a branch of clinical medicine and pathology before 1920s
- Discipline has grown tremendously in last 80 years
- Now is a separate branch of medicine
- Most analyses have also changed from manual testing to automati
- Hematology
-
Presently includes:
- normal and abnormal development of blood
- physiology
- function
- rxn to disease
- death and destruction of formed elements (i.e. cells, platelets)
-
Primary Services offered by Hematology labs
-
- Specimen collection and preparation for examination
- quantitative manual and instrumental measurement of cells
- evaluation of cellular contents and components (i.e. what types are norma/abnormal components?)
- Cellular identifi
-
Functions of blood
-
- Transports dissovled gasses through the lung
- transports nutrient, wastes, enzymes, and hormones
- stabilizes pH and elecrolyte composition of interstitial fluids btween cells in tissue
- Prevents fluid losses
- defends ag
-
General Characterisitcs of Blood
-
- Male: 10-12 pints
- Female: 8-10 pints
- pH: 7.35-7.45
- Blood is 10% body weight &n
- Components of blood
-
- Plasma
- water, electrolytes, nutrients, organic wastes, proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen)
2. Formed elements
- Erythrocytes
-
Layers of blood after centrifugation
-
- Plasma 54%
- fluid fraction
2. Buffy coat 1%
- WBC & platelets
-
Blood collection tubes and additives
-
- Purple top - K3 EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid: binds Ca+
- Light blue top- Sodium citrate: removes Ca+
- Green top - Sodium heparin: anti-th
- Purple top - K3 EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid: binds Ca+
-
Sites and Techniques
-
- Capillary puncture: no needle
- Venous puncture
- Arterial puncture: very deep, dangerous because it is near nerves
- Capillary puncture
-
- soles of feet on newborn
- use lancet 1-2 mm in skin
- Earlobe: small tubes
- Side of fingers in adults
- never draw in ankle or feet on a cardiac patient
- Venipuncture site: superficial veins
-
- Median cubital vein
- cephalic vein
- basilic vein
- median antebrachial vein
- evacuated tube system: prevents blood from splattering
- Hypodermic needle: can control vaccum, used for difficult draws