Tissues Part 2
Terms
undefined, object
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- Structural Elements
-
3 Primary
How elements are put together defines characteristics of tissue
Ex. tendons - rope like, add strength -
Ground Substance
Composition
CAPS?
proteoglycans? -
-unstructured material fills spaces between cells
-composed of fluids, cell adhesion prot.
-CAPS: act as connective glue, attaches cells to matrix
-proteoglycans - consist of proteincore which molecules are attaches to. Cags traps water to make viscious fluid -
Fibers
Description
Function
Types -
-Proteinaceous
-Provide support & strength
Types
-Collagen (fibrous protein secreted in extracellular space, forms helix shape, strong high tensile strength)
-Elastic (long thin branched fibers - make of protein elastins, allows for strech and distensibility)
-Reticular (fine network of fibers, surrounds and supports, contiguous with collagen) -
General Cells of Connective Tissue
Blasts -
Undifferentiated (but can if required)
Actively miotic cells
Secrete ground substance & type of fiber
specific for that tissue
After secreting supportive matrix, may
diff into less active state (cytes) -
General Cells of Connective Tissue
Cytes -
A resting blast
Has few organelles
CAn diff into blasts when signalled
Fibrocytes may play important immune
function with regard to injury & can
circulate in blood -
Specific Cells of Connective Tissue
Fibroblasts
- descr.
- makes?
- locale?
- differentiate?
- stimulated by? -
Flat, branched out
Make structural fibers & ground subst.
Abundant in rough ER & Gogli
Make collagen, reticular, & elastin
Can diff into adipocytes, osteoblasts,
or smooth muscle when signalled
Stimulated by growth factors -
Specific Cells of Connective Tissue
Myofibroblasts
- derived from
- involved in?
- contains? -
derived from blood vessels (pericytes)
Involved in tissue repair by pulling
tissues together
Contains protein actin which serves to
pull tissues together
Implicated on arterial thickening -
Specific Cells of Connective Tissue
Chondroblasts
manufactures?
secretes?
allows for? -
primary cell type involved in manufactr
of cartilage
secretes collagen & elastin fibers, lg
amounts of GAGS and water
allows from compression & rebound -
Specific Cells of Connective Tissue
Osteoblasts
regulates?
regulated by?
produces?
consists of? -
produces organic portino of bone
consists primarily of collagen
regulates disposition of minerals and
organic matrix
regulated by a variety of growth factors -
Specific Cells of Connective Tissue
Hematoblasts
reside in?
differentiation?
involved in? -
hematopoietic stem cells
reside in bone marrow
can diff into variety of cell types
involved in manufacture of RBCs, WBCs,
platelets, etc. -
Types of Connective Tissue
Mesenchyme - primary germ layer during embryonic development
-
Types of Connective Tissue
Mucous
derived from?
forms? -
derived from mesenchyme
forms wharton's jelly -
Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar
d
f -
Gel like matrix
Has all 3 fiber types
Has fibroblasts, macrophages, mast
cells, & WBC
F-wraps & cushions organs, plays role in "itis", holds & conveys tissue fluid -
Loose Connective Tissue
Adipose
d
f
l -
contains lipids predominately
sparse
closely packed
f-insolate against heat loss, supports & cushions organs, provides reserve food fuel
l- under skin, around kidneys & eyeballs -
Loose Connective Tissue
Reticular
d
f -
network of reticular fibers
lg amount of ground substance
f- forms soft internal skeleton, supports & protects -
Dense Connective Tissue
Dense Regular
d
f
l -
predominately parallel arrangment of
collagen fibers
f - attach muscle to bone, bone to bone
l - tendons, ligaments -
Dense Connective Tissue
Dense Irregular
d
major cell type
f
l -
primarily irregularly arranged collagen
fibers
some elastic fibers
major cell type is fibroblast
f - able to withstand tenstion exerted
in may directions
l - dermis of skin, submucosa of dig tract -
Cartilage
also called?
d
f
l -
Hyaline
amorphous but firm matrix
f- supports & reinforces, has resiliant
cushioning properties, resists
comprehensive stress
l- embryonic skeleton, covers ends of
long bones, in joint cavities, forms
costal cartilages -
Cartilage (Elastic)
d
f -
similar to hylaine but densely coated
with elastic cartilage
f - maintains shape of structure while
allowing elasticity -
Fibrocartilage
d
f -
matrix similar to but less than hyaline
thick collagen fibers predominate
f- tensile strength with ability to absorb shock -
Osseous
means?
d
d of matrix -
Bone
Hard
Calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers -
Blood Tissue
d
l
f -
Red & white in a fluid matrix
Function - transport