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Tissues Part 2

Terms

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Structural Elements
3 Primary
How elements are put together defines characteristics of tissue
Ex. tendons - rope like, add strength
Ground Substance
Composition
CAPS?
proteoglycans?
-unstructured material fills spaces between cells
-composed of fluids, cell adhesion prot.
-CAPS: act as connective glue, attaches cells to matrix
-proteoglycans - consist of proteincore which molecules are attaches to. Cags traps water to make viscious fluid
Fibers
Description
Function
Types
-Proteinaceous
-Provide support & strength
Types
-Collagen (fibrous protein secreted in extracellular space, forms helix shape, strong high tensile strength)
-Elastic (long thin branched fibers - make of protein elastins, allows for strech and distensibility)
-Reticular (fine network of fibers, surrounds and supports, contiguous with collagen)
General Cells of Connective Tissue
Blasts
Undifferentiated (but can if required)
Actively miotic cells
Secrete ground substance & type of fiber
specific for that tissue
After secreting supportive matrix, may
diff into less active state (cytes)
General Cells of Connective Tissue
Cytes
A resting blast
Has few organelles
CAn diff into blasts when signalled
Fibrocytes may play important immune
function with regard to injury & can
circulate in blood
Specific Cells of Connective Tissue
Fibroblasts
- descr.
- makes?
- locale?
- differentiate?
- stimulated by?
Flat, branched out
Make structural fibers & ground subst.
Abundant in rough ER & Gogli
Make collagen, reticular, & elastin
Can diff into adipocytes, osteoblasts,
or smooth muscle when signalled
Stimulated by growth factors
Specific Cells of Connective Tissue
Myofibroblasts
- derived from
- involved in?
- contains?
derived from blood vessels (pericytes)
Involved in tissue repair by pulling
tissues together
Contains protein actin which serves to
pull tissues together
Implicated on arterial thickening
Specific Cells of Connective Tissue
Chondroblasts
manufactures?
secretes?
allows for?
primary cell type involved in manufactr
of cartilage
secretes collagen & elastin fibers, lg
amounts of GAGS and water
allows from compression & rebound
Specific Cells of Connective Tissue
Osteoblasts
regulates?
regulated by?
produces?
consists of?
produces organic portino of bone
consists primarily of collagen
regulates disposition of minerals and
organic matrix
regulated by a variety of growth factors
Specific Cells of Connective Tissue
Hematoblasts
reside in?
differentiation?
involved in?
hematopoietic stem cells
reside in bone marrow
can diff into variety of cell types
involved in manufacture of RBCs, WBCs,
platelets, etc.
Types of Connective Tissue
Mesenchyme
primary germ layer during embryonic development
Types of Connective Tissue
Mucous
derived from?
forms?
derived from mesenchyme
forms wharton's jelly
Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar
d
f
Gel like matrix
Has all 3 fiber types
Has fibroblasts, macrophages, mast
cells, & WBC
F-wraps & cushions organs, plays role in "itis", holds & conveys tissue fluid
Loose Connective Tissue
Adipose
d
f
l
contains lipids predominately
sparse
closely packed
f-insolate against heat loss, supports & cushions organs, provides reserve food fuel
l- under skin, around kidneys & eyeballs
Loose Connective Tissue
Reticular
d
f
network of reticular fibers
lg amount of ground substance
f- forms soft internal skeleton, supports & protects
Dense Connective Tissue
Dense Regular
d
f
l
predominately parallel arrangment of
collagen fibers
f - attach muscle to bone, bone to bone
l - tendons, ligaments
Dense Connective Tissue
Dense Irregular
d
major cell type
f
l
primarily irregularly arranged collagen
fibers
some elastic fibers
major cell type is fibroblast
f - able to withstand tenstion exerted
in may directions
l - dermis of skin, submucosa of dig tract
Cartilage
also called?
d
f
l
Hyaline
amorphous but firm matrix
f- supports & reinforces, has resiliant
cushioning properties, resists
comprehensive stress
l- embryonic skeleton, covers ends of
long bones, in joint cavities, forms
costal cartilages
Cartilage (Elastic)
d
f
similar to hylaine but densely coated
with elastic cartilage
f - maintains shape of structure while
allowing elasticity
Fibrocartilage
d
f
matrix similar to but less than hyaline
thick collagen fibers predominate
f- tensile strength with ability to absorb shock
Osseous
means?
d
d of matrix
Bone
Hard
Calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers
Blood Tissue
d
l
f
Red & white in a fluid matrix
Function - transport

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