PSY 201 EXAM 3
Terms
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- Preoperational Stage
- (2-7yrs)Children in this stage are rigid and illogical because they lack mental operations necessary for logical thought.These mental operations prevent them from thinking logically.
- ORGANIZATION
- INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTO A SYS TO MAKE SENSE OF THE ENVIRONMENT
- IRREVERSIBILITY
- RECOGNIZE THAT NOT ALL CHANGES ARE PERMANENT
- EQULIBRIUM
- THE TENDENCY TO STRIVE FOR BALANCE AMONG COGNITIVE ELEMENTS W/IN THE ORGANISM & BET THE ORGANISM AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD
- PERCEPTION BOUND
- MORE DECISIONS BASED ON THE WAY THINGS LOOK OR APPEAR
- COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE
- VIEW OF DEVELOPMENT THAT IS CONCERNED W/ THOUGHT PROCESSES AND THE BEHAVIOR THAT REFLECTS THOSE PROCESSES
- TRANSDUCTIVE REASONING
- NO CAUSALITY-CAUSE/EFFECT RELATIONSHIP.CAUSE ALWAYS PRECEDES THE EFFECT
- HOW DID PIAGET VIEW CHILDREN
- AS ACTIVE, GROWING, BEINGS W/ THEIR OWN INTERNAL IMPULSES & PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
- CENTRATION
- TENDENCY TO FOCUS NARROWLY ON 1 ASPECT PART OF SITUATION AND IGNORING OTHER RELATIVE EVIDENCE (HAVE PROB INTEGRATING 2 PIECES OF INFO AT SAME TIME)
- ASSIMILATION
- INCORPORATION OF NEW INFO INTO AN EXISTING COGNITIVE STRUCTURE
- SOCIOCENTRIC
- OPPOSITE OF EGOCENTRIC.PIAGET UNDERESTIMATES CHILD'S CAPACITY OF SOCIOCENTRIC THOUGHTS
- ADAPTATION
- ADJUSTMENT TO NEW INFO ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH THE COMPLEMENTARY PROCESSES OF ASSIMILATION & ACCOMADATION
- EGOCENTRISM
- SEE SELVES AS CENTER OF UNIVERSE.INABILITY TO TAKE THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE OTHER
- SCHEMES
- BASIC COGNITIVE STRUCTURES CONSISTING OF ORGANIZED PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR USED IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF SITUATIONS
- RE-EMERGENCE OF EGOCENTRISM WAS EXP BY
- ELKIND
- ACCOMADATION
- CHANGES IN AN EXISTING COGNITIVE STRUCTURE TO INCLUDE NEW INFO
- PERSONAL FABLE
- IN ELKIND'S TERMINOLOGY, CONVICTION THAT ONE IS SPECIAL, UNIQUE,& NOT SUBJECT TO THE RULES THAT GOVERN THE REST OF THE WORLD
- EXP OF SCHEMES
- AN INFANT HAS A SCHEME FOR SUCKING BUT SOON DEV VARIED SCHEMES FOR HOW TO SUCK AT THE BREAST,BOTTLE,OR A THUMB
- CONSERVATION
- ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE THAT EQUAL QUANTITIES OF MATTER REMAIN EQUAL IN (LENGTH,AREA,VOL,#).AS LONG AS NOTHING IS ADDED OR TAKEN AWAY
- EXP OF ASSIMILATION
- A BREAST OR BOTTLE FED BABY WHO BEGINS TO SUCK ON THE SPROUT OF A SIPPY CUP
- HYPOTHETICAL-DEDUCTIVE REASONING
- ABILITY,BELIEVED BY PIAGET,TO ACCOMPANY THE STATE OF FORMAL OPERATIONS,TO DEVELOP,CONSIDER,AND TEST HYPOTHESIS
- ASSIMILATION AND ACCOMODATION WORK TOGETHER TO PRODUCE
- EQUILIBRIUM AND COGNITIVE GROWTH
- IN VOLUME STUDY,PAPALIA FOUND THAT 50% OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS_
- CANNOT CONSERVE VOLUME
- PIAGET BELIEVED THAT COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT BEGINS WITH
- AN INBORN ABILITY TO ADAPT TO THE ENVIRONMENT
- KOHLBERG AND GILLIAN FOUND 35% OF ADULTS NEVER ACHIEVED __BASED ON PENDULUM TASK
- FORMAL THOUGHTS
- HORIZONTAL DECALAGE
- INABILITY OF CHILD TO TRANSFER WHAT HE KNOWS ABOUT 1 KIND OF CONSERVATION TO ANOTHER (EVEN THOUGH UNDERLYING OPERATIONS ARE THE SAME)
- FORMAL OPERATIONS
- (PIAGET):THE FINAL STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZED BY THE ABILITY TO THINK ABSTRACTLY
- CONSERVATION INVOLVES
- NUMBER,LIQUID,SUBSTANCE
- IMAGINARY AUDIENCE
- IN ELKIND'S TERMINOLOGY,AN OBSERVER WHO EXISTS ONLY IN AN ADOLESCENTS MIND & IS CONCERNED W/ THE ADOLESCENTS THOUGHTS & ACTIONS AS THE ADOLESCENT IS
- ABSTRACT CONCEPT FORMATION
- MOVEMENT FROM PARTICULAR TO THE GENERAL REQUIRES INDUCTIVE REASONING.-FORMAL CONCEPTS BY REGARDING ONLY THE PROPERTIES OBJECTS HAVE IN COMMON & DISREGARDING PROPERTIES THAT ARE NOT COMMON OR SHARED