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Terms
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- Piaget: Sensiorimotor 0-2 years
- Major achievments: Object permanence: objects continue to exist even when removed from our sight
- Piaget: Preoperational 2-7 years
- MA: Conversation, language, Egocentric – child sees world as centered around him/herself and cannot take the perspective of another person.
- Piaget: Concrete Operations Period Age: 7-11 years
- Classifying objects, Logic tied to physical world, often have trouble abstract thinking,
- Piaget: Formal Operations Period Age: 11 years (at the earliest)
- Abstract concepts, Logic, Reversibility, Hypothetical Thinking
- Erikson
- Pyshcosocial
- Piaget
- Intellectual Development
- Freud
- Pyschosexual Development
- Erikson: Trust vs Mistrust (0-1 year)
- “Is my social world predictable and supportive?†supportive environment forms an attachment to the parent and influences future relationships
- Erikson: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1-3 years)
- “Can I do things for myself or must I always rely on others?†Important for the development of independence
- Erikson: Initiative vs Guilt (3-6 years)
- “Am I good or bad?†concerns about the acceptability of actions
- Erikson:Industry vs Inferiority (6-12 years)
- “Am I successful or am I worthless?†fantasize about success
- Erikson:Identity vs Role Confusion (adolescence, early teens)
- “who am I?†seek independence from the parents
- Erikson:Intimacy vs Isolation (young adults)
- “Shall I share my life with another person or will I live alone?†relationships become very important
- Erikson:Generativity vs Stagnation (middle adults)
- “Will I succeed in life, both as a parent and as a worker?†career and children are important “mid-life crisisâ€
- Erikson: Ego Integrity vs Despair (older adult, after retirement)
- “Have I lived a full life or have I failed?†Integrity- contentment about one's past, present, future Despair- disappointment about the past and present, fear of future
- Extraversion
- tendency to seek stimulation and enjoy company of others: outgoing, upbeat, assertive
- Agreeableness
- tends to be compassionate toward others
- Neuroticism
- Hostile, self conscience, depressed, anxious etc.
- Conscientiousness
- tendency to be/show self discipline, to be dutiful, and strive for achievement and competence: disciplined, well organized, punctual, dependable
- Openness to Experience
- tendency to enjoy new intellectual experiences and new ideas: curiosity, unconventional attitudes, enjoy unusual art/music, explore new ideas/people
- Projective Tests
- Rorshach and TAT, concerns about validity and reliability
- Rorshach Test & TAT
- Ink blots, show pictures, ask for reactions/stories
- Freud Defense Mechanims (6)
- Isolation, Projection, Rationalization Reaction Formation, Regression, Repression, Sublimation
- Assimilation
- New cognitive elements are fitted in with old elements or modified to fit more easily
- Accommodation
- Restructuring cognitive structures so that new information can fit into them more easily
- Humanistic Theory: Abraham Maslow
- Self-actualization Constant striving to realize potential and to develop inherent talents and capabilities Unconditional Positive Regard
- Holistic (Humanistic Theory)
- Explain people’s separate acts in terms of their entire personalities
- Dispositional Humanistic
- Focus on the innate qualities within a person that exert a major influence over the direction behavior will take
- Phenomenological Humanistic
- Emphasize an individual’s frame of reference and subjective view of reality