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psychologyyyyyy

Terms

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Piaget: Sensiorimotor 0-2 years
Major achievments: Object permanence: objects continue to exist even when removed from our sight
Piaget: Preoperational 2-7 years
MA: Conversation, language, Egocentric – child sees world as centered around him/herself and cannot take the perspective of another person.
Piaget: Concrete Operations Period Age: 7-11 years
Classifying objects, Logic tied to physical world, often have trouble abstract thinking,
Piaget: Formal Operations Period Age: 11 years (at the earliest)
Abstract concepts, Logic, Reversibility, Hypothetical Thinking
Erikson
Pyshcosocial
Piaget
Intellectual Development
Freud
Pyschosexual Development
Erikson: Trust vs Mistrust (0-1 year)
“Is my social world predictable and supportive?” supportive environment forms an attachment to the parent and influences future relationships
Erikson: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1-3 years)
“Can I do things for myself or must I always rely on others?” Important for the development of independence
Erikson: Initiative vs Guilt (3-6 years)
“Am I good or bad?” concerns about the acceptability of actions
Erikson:Industry vs Inferiority (6-12 years)
“Am I successful or am I worthless?” fantasize about success
Erikson:Identity vs Role Confusion (adolescence, early teens)
“who am I?” seek independence from the parents
Erikson:Intimacy vs Isolation (young adults)
“Shall I share my life with another person or will I live alone?” relationships become very important
Erikson:Generativity vs Stagnation (middle adults)
“Will I succeed in life, both as a parent and as a worker?” career and children are important “mid-life crisis”
Erikson: Ego Integrity vs Despair (older adult, after retirement)
“Have I lived a full life or have I failed?” Integrity- contentment about one's past, present, future Despair- disappointment about the past and present, fear of future
Extraversion
tendency to seek stimulation and enjoy company of others: outgoing, upbeat, assertive
Agreeableness
tends to be compassionate toward others
Neuroticism
Hostile, self conscience, depressed, anxious etc.
Conscientiousness
tendency to be/show self discipline, to be dutiful, and strive for achievement and competence: disciplined, well organized, punctual, dependable
Openness to Experience
tendency to enjoy new intellectual experiences and new ideas: curiosity, unconventional attitudes, enjoy unusual art/music, explore new ideas/people
Projective Tests
Rorshach and TAT, concerns about validity and reliability
Rorshach Test & TAT
Ink blots, show pictures, ask for reactions/stories
Freud Defense Mechanims (6)
Isolation, Projection, Rationalization Reaction Formation, Regression, Repression, Sublimation
Assimilation
New cognitive elements are fitted in with old elements or modified to fit more easily
Accommodation
Restructuring cognitive structures so that new information can fit into them more easily
Humanistic Theory: Abraham Maslow
Self-actualization Constant striving to realize potential and to develop inherent talents and capabilities Unconditional Positive Regard
Holistic (Humanistic Theory)
Explain people’s separate acts in terms of their entire personalities
Dispositional Humanistic
Focus on the innate qualities within a person that exert a major influence over the direction behavior will take
Phenomenological Humanistic
Emphasize an individual’s frame of reference and subjective view of reality

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