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ns part2

Terms

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condition without speech, impairment due to localized brain injury that affects understanding retrieving and formulating meaningful sequential elements of a language
aphasia
condition of difficult articulation, group of related speech impairments that may affect the speed range direction strength and timing of motor movement a result or paralysis weakness or incoordination of speech muscles
dysarthia
difficulty speaking
dysphasia
general term referring to levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness, a common method of assessment is the Glasgow coma scale
coma
state of mental confusion due to disturbance in cerebral function--there are many causes including fever, shock, or drug overdose
delirium
impairment of intellectual function characterized memory loss, disorientation, and confusion
dementia
loss or impairment of muscle function
motor deficit
loss or impairment of sensation
sensory deficit
pain along the course of a nerve
neuralgia
temporary or permanent loss of motor control
paralysis
defective or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion
flaccid paralysis
stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder
spastic paralysis
partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body
hemiparesis
pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots
sciatica
sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from abnormal firing of nerve impulses
seizure
to pull together, a type of seizure that causes a series of sudden, involuntary contractions of the muscles
convulsion
fainting
syncope
evoking a response by touching
tactile stimulation
increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain
hyperesthesia
abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause
paresthesia
any of many types of loss of neurological function associated with interpretation of sensory information
agnosia
inability to judge the from of an object by touch
astereognosis
inability to locate a sensation properly such as to locate a point touched on the body
atopognosis
disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual function, total disability, and death
Alzheimer Disease
a condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control, symptoms advance from muscle weakness in the arms, legs, muscles of speech, swallowing, and breathing to total paralysis and death-also know
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
condition of motor dysfucntion caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination
cerebral palsy (CP)
disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain
cerebrovascular disease
hardening of the arteries of the brain
cerebral arteriosclerosis
condition of lipid buildup within the blood vessels of the brain
cerebral atherosclerosis
dilation of a blood vessel in the brain
cerebral aneurysm
presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel in the brain
cerebral thrombosis
obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus transported through circulation
cerebral embolism
damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease
cerebrovascular accident stroke (CVA)
brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurological deficit-often proceed a CVA
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
ischemia of the anterior circulation of the brain
carotid TIA
ischemia of the posterior circulation of the brain
vetebrobasilar TIA
inflammation of the brain
encephalitis
disorder affecting the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures
epilepsy
stiffening-jerking a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups--previously termed grand mal seizure
tonic-clonic
seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement --preciously termed petit small seizure
absence
seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms
partial
tumor of glial cells graded by degree of malignancy
glioma
protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on nerve root
herniated disk
viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves, characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves, usually unilaterally also known as shingles
herpes zoster
hereditary disease of the central nervous system, characterized by bizarre involuntary body movement and progressive dementia
Huntington Disease (HD) Chorea
abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor
hydrocephalus
benign tumor of the coverings of the brain
meningioma
inflammation of the meninges
meningitis
paroxysmal attacks of mostly unilateral headache often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, and/or vomiting, lasting hours or days and caused by dilation of arteries
migraine headache
disease of the CNS characterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers with episodes of neurological dysfunction followed by recovery
multiple sclerosis (MS)
autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, causing a progressive decrease in muscle strength with activity and a return of strength after a period of rest
myasthenia gravis
inflammation of the spinal cord
myelitis
conditions of abnormal function of the sympathetic nervous system in response to pain perception usually as the result of an injury to an extremity; symptoms include persistent burning pain tissue edema join tenderness changes in skin color and temperatur
reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
sleep disorder characterized by a sudden uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis and dream intruding while away
narcolepsy
condition of slowly progressive degeneration of an area of the brainstem resulting in decrease of dopamine characterized by tremor rigidity of muscles and slow movements usually occurring later in life
Parkinson disease
paralysis
plegia
paralysis on one side of the body
hemiplegia
paralysis from waist down
paraplegia
paralysis of all four limbs
quadriplegia
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis
poliomelyitis
inflammation involving two or more nerves often owning to a nutritional deficiency such as lack of thalamine
polyneuritis
congenital defect in the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches often resulting in pouching of spinal membranes or tissue
spina bifida

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