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Issues in Planning 2

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Consequences of the rush to the suburbs were shrinkage of central cities,
______ of employment, ______ of poverty and increase in
family break-up and crime in central ______.



SUBURBANIZATION

URBANIZATION

CITIES



The underlying theme in the 19th century urbanization was ______; i.e., movement of people, jobs and resources to the city.
CENTRALIZATION
The underlying theme in the 20th century urbanization was ______; i.e., movement of people, jobs and resources out of the city to outlying areas.
DE-CENTRALIZATION
During the commercial era only ______% of total population lived in cities. Cities were compact and ranged in population of ______. They were located on: ______ and Social classes were: ______
5-15
6,000-12,000

PORTS
MIXED



The economic base of the industrial city was manufacturing and they had concentrated areas of industry. The center of activity moved away from the transport accessible ______ to large ______ areas. These cities had different neighborhoods for different so
PORT

DOWNTOWN

CLASSES





The elements of early master planning were land ______, streets, rail and transit, public ______ and civic ______.
USE

RECREATION

ART



8. The main elements of the Garden City were a system of ______ connected by rail lines; industry and ______ zones; civic functions at the city core and a ______ boundary.
NEW TOWNS

AGRICULTURAL

GROWTH



Eminent domain is based on the 5th amendment that states the owner must be compensated for the value of what is taken
COMPENSATED
the ______ amendment states that if they cannot come to an agreement, the ______ decides the property value.
14th

COURT

______ ______ is known as the “Father of Zoning.”
EDWARD M BASSETT
______ was designed to protect people from unwanted or incompatible development, legal challenge; and uncongenial neighbors to the ______ family dwelling.
ZONING

SINGLE

The Reclamation Act of ______ converted arid federal land into agricultural productive land to encourage individual families to settle in the West.
1902
The Ordinance of ______ created 6x6 mi townships; 1 sq. mi sections- 640 acres to be farms.
1785
In addition to working in local governments, planners can also be consultants and work in ______ firms.
PRIVATE
The five types of planners are: builder of community ______, entrepreneur, advocate, neutral public ______, and agent of radical change.
CONSENSUS

SERVANT

Planners report to these three entities: ______ board, community legislative body, and chief ______ official.
PLANNING

ELECTED

To engage the public, planners use various approaches including: visioning, charettes, and scenarios in ______ meetings and presentations.
PUBLIC
The famous public housing project that won an AIA award was ______ ______.
PRUITT IGOE
The majority of new private communities built in the US are built as ______ communities.
GATED
The cheapest form of housing is known as ______ ______ ______ (SRO).
SINGLE ROOM OCCUPANCY
The ______ of participation describes the degree to which public participation processes achieves true empowerment.
LADDER
The Government’s right to take property for public purposes is called ______ ______.
EMINENT DOMAIN
The right of the community to regulate the activities of private parties to protect the interest of the public is called ______ ______.
POLICE POWER
According to the Constitution, legitimate types of public interest that the government can regulate are ______, safety and ______ ______.
HEALTH

PUBLIC WELFARE

The two court cases that established that REGULATION IS NOT A TAKING, were ______ v. Kansas and ______ v. Sebastian.
MUGLER

HADACHECK

The first comprehensive zoning ordinance was in ______ ______ in year 1916.
NEW YORK
Cumulative zoning that allows the specific category of use + all higher zones is called ______ or pyramid zoning.
EUCLIDIAN
The land-mark court cases for exclusionary zoning and rights of non-residents are the Mt. ______ cases.
LAUREL
Basic controls imposed by traditional zoning are use, ______ and bulk.
DENSITY
The use of land-use controls to keep out types of activity that will bring more costs than revenues is called ______ zoning.
FISCAL
The two most powerful tools to carrying out the physical side of a plan are ______ investment and ______ use controls.
CAPITAL

LAND

In 1974, Urban Renewal Act was replaced by Housing and Community ______ Act which reduced the role of ______ ______ in community affairs.
DEVELOPMENT

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Environmental ______ is about making sure that no one should bear a disproportionate share of the negative environmental consequences of land development.
JUSTICE
Euclid vs Ambler Realty
Court case that established zoning
Mount Laurel Cases
Exclusionary housing
transfer of development rights
controlled conversion of blocks of land into build-able lots
subdivision regulations
allowing higher densities in return for providing certain uses or amenities
Bonus or incentive zoning
Development charges to compensate for costs imposed on the community
State Enabling legislation
Legislation that defines local planning function

Flexible negotiated zoning that allows for mixed use

PUD
designating sending and receiving areas to direct development to appropriate places.

Exactions

Deck Info

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