med term ch 4: body structure
Terms
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copy deck
- pathology
- study of the nature of diseases, their causes, development and consequences
- peristalsis
- rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the walls of a tubular organ to propel its contents onward
- define the body cavities
-
dorsal -which includes the cranial and spinal cavities
ventral - which includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities - what are the divisions of the spine?
-
cervical -neck
thoracic - chest
lumbar - loin
sacral - lower back
coccyx - tailbone - what are the major organs of the cranial cavity?
- brain
- what are the major organs of the spinal cavity?
- spinal cord
- what are the major organs of the thoracic cavity?
-
heart
lungs
and associated structures - what are the major organs of the abdominopelvic cavity?
-
digestive organs
excretory organs
reproductive organs and structures - what are the quadrants of the body?
-
right upper
right lower
left upper
left lower
- what major structures are located in the right upper quadrant?
-
right lobe of liver
gallbladder
part of pancreas
part of small and large intestines - what major structures are located in the left upper quadrant?
-
left lobe of liver
stomach
spleen
part of pancreas
part of small and large intestines - what major structures are located in the right lower quadrant?
-
part of small and large intestines
appendix
right ovary
right fallopian tube
right ureter - what major structures are located in the left lower quadrant?
-
part of small and large intestines
left ovary
left fallopian tube
left ureter - what are the 9 abdominpelvic regions?
-
right hypochondriac
epigastric
left hypochondriac
right lumbar - medial
- pertaining to the mid line of the body or structure
- lateral
- pertaining to a side
- superior
- toward the head
- inferior
- away from the head
- proximal
- nearer to the center or trunk of the body
- distal
- further from the center or trunk of the body
- anterior
-
front of body
ventral - posterior
-
back of body
dorsal - parietal
- pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity
- visceral
- pertaining to the viscera or internal organs
- prone
- lying on the abdomen, face down
- supine
- lying horizontally on the back, face up
- inversion
- turning inward or inside out
- eversion
- turning outward
- superficial
-
toward the surface of the body
(external) - deep
-
away from the surface of the body
(internal) - hist/o ***
- tissue
- anter/o
-
anterior
front - caud/o
- tail
- abdomin/o
- abdomen
- cervic/o
- neck
- crani/o
- cranium (skull)
- thorac/o
- chest
- albin/o
- white
- leuk/o
- white
- chlor/o
- green
- chrom/o
- color
- cirrh/o
- yellow
- jaund/o
- yelloq
- cyan/o
- blue
- erythr/o
- red
- melan/o
- black
- poli/o
-
gray
gray matter (of the brain or spinal cord) - eti/o
- cause
- acr/o
- extremity
- idi/o
-
unknown
peculiar - morph/o
-
form
shape
structure - path/o
- disease
- logist
- specialist in the study of
- A sign is something...
- the patient does not tell but you can see
- a symptom is...
-
experienced by the patient
subjective - etiology
- the study of the cause or origin of a disease or disorder
- diagnosis (Dx)
- establishing the cause and nature of a disease
- prognosis
- the prediction of the course of a disease and its probably outcome
- idiopathic
- any disease whose cause is unknown
- adhesion
- abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated
- dehiscence
- bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound
- febrile
-
feverish
pertaining to a fever - homeostasis
- balance of the internal environment of the body
- inflammation
- body defense against injury, infection or allergy that is marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain and sometimes loss of function
- radiology
- medical specialty concerted with the use of electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound and imaging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury
- sepsis
-
pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or the products in the bloodstream
*can be deadly - endoscopy
- visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope
-
completed blood count
CBC -
common blood test that enumerates red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
it measures hemoglobin, estimates red cell volume, and sorts white blood cells into five subtypes with their percentages - urinalysis
-
urine screening test that evaluates the physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine
urine should be sterile -
computed tomography
CT - imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the areas to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
- doppler
- ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood-flow velocity and direction through the cardiac chambers, valves and peripheral vessels by reflecting sound waves off moving blood cells
- fluoroscopy
- radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures
- fluor/o
-
luminous
fluorescent - magnetic resonance imaging
- noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images
-
positron emission tomography
PET - scanning technique using computed tomography to record the positrons (positive charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical, that produces a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity in body tissues to determine the presence of disease
-
ultrasonography
US - imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves that display the reflected "echoes" on a monitor
-
biopsy
bx - representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
-
frozen section
FS - ultra-thin slice of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination
-
needle
*in ref. to surgical - removal of a small tissue sample form examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe
- punch
- removal of a small core of tissue usually a hollow instrument (punch)
- shave
- removal of tissue using a surgical blade to shave elevated lesions
- anastomosis ****
-
connects any tubular parts
surgical joining of two ducts, vessels or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
*** -
incision and drainage
I&D - incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity
- radical dissection
- surgical removal or tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in an attempt to excise all tissue that may be malignant and decreased the chance of recurrence
- AP
- anteroposterior
- Bx, bx
- biopsy
- CBC
- complete blood count
- Dx
- diagnosis
- I & D
- incision and drainage
- FS
-
frozen section
or
finger stick - LAT, lat
- lateral
- MRI
- magnetic resonance imaging
- PET
- positron emission tomography
- post
- posterior
- Sx
- symptom
- Tx
-
treatment
or
traction - UA
- urinalysis
- synthesis
- formation of a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements