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1.0 LAP: MIXTURE

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3 of Oreum's self care concepts
Self Care, self care deficit, and self care nursing systems
Self Care
theory
based 4 concepts
Self care
Self care agencies
self care requisites
theraputic self care demand
Self care
continuing personal development, and well being
Self care agency
Individual ability to perform self care activities
Self Care requisites
Self car needs, when and indi cannot meet his/her self care demands. There are 3 types of self care requisites common to all indi, universal (overall health), developmental (maturation, ex. pregnancy,grief, adjsuting to a chang and body image) and deviation (results from illness, injury or disease or actions of treatments)
Theraputic self - care demands
refers to all self care actions needed to meet the self care requisites
Oreums Self Care Theory
An interpretation for Laboure College Nursing Students
Self Care Agent
The nurse is the agent whose actions are the production of nursing care
Person/ Client
Patient
8 Universal self care requi.
1. air
2. water
3. food
4.elimination process
5.activity and rest
6.solitude and social interaction
7.prevention of hazards
8.promotion of human functioning
8 universal
Developmental self care requisites
1. stages of life and process of birth
2.neonatal stage ***
Disease
an alteration in body function resulting in a reduction of capacities or shortening of the normal life span
Illness
Personal state diminished
managed care
goals for cost effective quality care
Medicaid
for the poor, state and gov funded,disabled,childrena nd non insured
Medicare
for elderly and kidney disease of any age
3 types of health care services
1. health care promotion
2. diagnosis and treatment
3. rehabilitation and health restoration
Florence Nightingale
1820-1910
1st nurse to exert political pressureon gov.
"Notes on Nursing"what it is and what it is not
-1st training school
Lillian Wald
founder of public health nursing
Virginia Henderson
defines nursing
client to client environment
Definitions of Nursing
the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery
(Florence Nightgale)
nursing is caring, an art, science, client centered, holistic, adaptive, and concerned with health promotion, health maintance, and health restoration
Nursing is a help profession
Recent definition of nursing by ANA 1995
attention to the full range of human experiences and responses to health and illness without restriction to a problem-focused orientation
-integration of data and knowledge gained from an understandingof the clients or group's subjectives experiences
-application of scientific knowledge to the progress of diagnosis and treatment
-provision of a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing
Recipients of nursing
-patient
-clint ( person who engages the advice or services of another who is qualified to provide these services
Scope of Nursing
to provide care for individuals, families, and communities in the following areas:
-promoting health and awareness
-peventing illness
-restoring health
-care of dying
Asepsis
freedom from infection or infectious material
Bactericidal
bacteria - killing action
Bacteriocins
substances produced by some normal flora (e.g., enterobacteria), that can be lethal to related strains of bacteria
Bacteriostatic
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Carrier
a person or animal that harbors a specific infectious agent and serves as a potential source of infection, yet does not manifest any clinical signs of disease
Contamination
to expose...
Culture
laboratory cultivations of microorganisms in a special growth medium
Disinfect
agents that destroy pathogens other than spores
Etiology
the causual relationship between a problen and its related risk factors
Flora
microorganisms
Medical asepsis
all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and spread of microorganisms
Nosocomial
infections associated with the delivery of health care services in a health care facility
Osha
licencing?
Pahogenicity
the ability to produce disease; a pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease
Parasite
microorganisms that live in or on another from which it obtains nourishment
Reservoir
a source of microorganisms
Srerilize
a process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses
Surgical asepsis
see Sterile technique
Vector
a vector is an animal or flying or crawling insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent
Vehicle
a vehicle is any substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport and introduce an infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry
Virulence
ability to produce disease
4 major categories of microorganisms that cause infection in humans
1.Bacteria
2.Fungi
3. Virus
4.Parasites
Identify different types of infections
Local Infection

systemic infection

acute infection- appears suddenly/shortime

chronic infection- occurs slowly/may last months or a long time

Nosocomisl infection- can develop during a clients stay ofr after d/c

Iatrogenic infections- durect contact of therapeutic procedure
6 Components of the chain of infection
1.Etiologic agent(microorganism
2.Reservoir (source)
3.Portal of exit from reservoir
5.Portal entry to the susceptible host
6. Susceptible host
4.method of transmission
6 portal exits from a reservoir
1. Respiratory tract
2.Gastrointestinal tract
3.Urinary tract
4.reproductive tract
5. blood
6.Tissue
Methods by which a microorganism is transmitted
Direct transmission (one person to another)


Indirect tranasmission - (vehicle borne or vector borne)
Vehicle ex. toys,utensils...
vector- is an animal or insect transmission
List factors that increase one's susecptibility to infection
Age

Advancing age

Hereditary Influence

the nature, number,and duration of physical and emotional stressors

resistance to infection

medical therapies (chemo)
certain medication any disease that lessens the immune system
Nonspecific defenses of the body against infection
anatomic barriers

physiologic barriers

inflammatory response
5 signs of inflammation
1.pain
2. swelling
3. redness
4. heat
5.impaired function of the part
Factors of Specific defenses
antibode y-mediated (humoral, circulating) immunity

Active Immunity

Cell mediated defenses (cellualr immunity) occur through the T-cell system
Stages of an infectious process
stage 1 -vascular and cellular responses

stage 2 - exudate

Stage 2 Reparative
2 elements you would look for in the hisotry of a client you are assesssing for presence of an infection
reviews the clients chart

see assessment interview
Identify common signs and symptoms of infection you would look for in a head to toe assessment
temperature

skin irritations
List laboratory data you would collect in the assessment of a client in whom infection was suspected
Elevated leukocytes

Increases in specific types of leukocytes

Eleveated erythocytes sedimintation rate (ESR)

Urine, blood,sputum or other drainage cultures
Risk of Infection
-
Impaires social isolation
-
Risk for situational
-
major goals for a client who susecptible to infection
-
Strategies the nurse may use to prevent infection
hand washing
CDC regulations for routine client care
-
describe proper hand washing technique
-
Measures that can be taken to reduce a clients susceptability to infection
-
2 types of precautions presented by the Hospital Infection Control Advisor
(HICPAC)of the CDC
-
identify those who are severly compromised and the current CDC guidelines pertaining to them
-
Basic priciples of surgical asepsis and practices that relate to each principle
-
3 major modes of transmission of infectious material in the clinical setting
-
3 nursing sctivities used in evaluating outcome criteria for the nursing diagnosis- Risk of Infection
-

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