Compsci test 3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What are antiquated systems that continue to provide business value to organizations and are very costly to replace
- Legacy systems
- What is the first step in the design phase?
- developing the design strategy
- What is the silver bullet syndrom?
- o No single solution can solve all the design problems
- What are the three types of design strategies?
- Custom Development, Packaged Software, Outsourcing
-
What types of design strategies are used in the following situations?
o Business need is unique
o Business need is general
o Business need is not critical -
Custom development
– Packaged system
– Outsourcing -
What type of design strategy would be used in the following situations?
o In-house functional and technical experience exists
o In-house functional experience exists
o In-house functional or technical experience does not exist -
– Custom development
– Packaged system
– Outsourcing -
What type of design strategy would be used in the following situations?
o Desire to develop in-house skills
o Developing skills is not important and not strategic
o Project skills is not strategic -
– Custom development
– Packaged system
– Outsourcing -
What type of design strategy would be used in the following situations?
o Highly skilled and experienced manager available
o Project manager has experience coordinating with vendors -
– Custom development
– Packaged systems and Outsourcing -
What type of design strategy would be used in the following situations?
o Time frame is flexible
o Time frame short
o Time frame flexible or short -
– Custom development
– Packaged software
– Outsourcing - What is used to organize the pros and cons of the design alternatives
-  Alternative matrix
- What is an RFP?
- Request for proposals
- Regarding the three views of a system, what view describes external behavior of the system from the perspective of the user (Use Cases, Use Case Diagrams)?
- Functional View
- Regarding the three views of a system, what view describes the structure of the system in terms of attributes, operations, classes and relationship (Class & Object Diagrams)?
- static view
- Regarding the three views of a system, what view describes the internal behavior of the system. (Interaction and Statechart Diagrams)
- Dynamic view
- What are three techniques that allows us to evolve analysis models into design models?
-
o Factoring
o Partitions and Collaborations
o Layers - What refers to creating a high level idea from a group of ideas?
- abstraction
- What refers to the opposite of abstraction. Involves identifying new sub classes
- refinement
- What does MVC stand for?
-  Model – View – Controller architecture
- What is the symbol for a package?
- a tabbed folder
- A dependency relationship in a package diagram is shown as what type of arrow?
- a dashed arrow
-
What does this describe?
o defines the process and data that each object contains
o They represent factories that create objects
o is a set of objects that share some common structures and behaviors
o are used to distinguish one type - classes
-
What does this describe?
o Objects are instances of classes
o They are basic building blocks of an O-O system. - Objects
-
What does this describe?
o are properties of an object
o describe the data about the object - Attributes
-
What does this describe?
o refers to the values that the attributes contain for each object - States
-
What does this describe?
refer to the processes the objects can perform - Methodes
-
What does this describe?
o Objects execute methods in response to these
o is a function or procedure call from one object to another object.
o is the instruction whereas, method is the implementation - Messages
-
What does this describe?
o Mechanism that combines data and processes into a single object
o is a form of information hiding
o An objects does this to data and methods
 User cannot see the inside of the object but can use the objec - Encapsulation
-
What does this describe?
o suggests that same message can be interpreted differently by different classes of objects
o is achieved through dynamic binding of methods
o Dynamic binding means specific method that would be called is decided a - Polymorphism
-
What does this describe?
allows classes to share and reuse behavior and attributes
o A subclass (child class) inherits all the properties and methods defined in the superclass (parent class). - Inheritance
- What are the three types of design criteria?
-
o Coupling
o Cohesion
o Connascence - What does coupling mean?
- o Coupling refers to the interdependency and interrelationship between modules (class, method or objects)
- Is the design goal to have low coupling or high coupling?
- Low coupling
- What describes how well the different components within each module are integrated or stick together. Greater this stickiness among various pieces within each module, greater the cohesion
- Cohesion
- Is the design goal to have low cohesion or high cohesion?
- high cohesion
-
What means “to be born togetherâ€
o Modules that are intertwined so much, that changes made to one module requires changes to other module - Connascence
- What are the four steps to design classes and methodes?
-
o Additional specification
o Identifying opportunities for re-use
o Re-structuring the design
o Optimizing the design - Constraints include what two types of conditions?
- preconditions and postconditions
- What are constraints that should be true for all instances of classes like data type of attributes, values that the attributes can take etc
- invariants
- What is a group of collaborating classes that provide solutions to commonly occurring problems?
- Patterns
- What is a set of implemented classes that can used as basis for implementing an application?
- Framework
- What is a set of implemented classes that are much broader compared to Framework?
- Class libraries
- What is self contained piece of software that can be readily plugged into the system?
- Components
- What does factoring out common attributes and methods into new classes through the process of abstraction and refinement refer to?
- factoring
- What does assuring all inheritance relationships support only generalization/specialization semantics refer to?
- Normalization
- What refers to the number of messages sent out by each method. If a method has a high fan out, it needs to be optimized
- Fan-Out
- What is a document that explains the requirements of the system that is proposed to be built and solicits proposals from vendors to explain how their products can meet the requirements of the proposed system
- RFP, request for proposals
-
What type of files is the following referring to?
Read, write, and search
Efficient for report writing
Searches are not efficient because an average of 50% of records have to be accessed
Two versions
Ordered
unordered - sequential files
-
What type of files:
Allow only random or direct file operations
Good for finding and updating a specific object
Inefficient report writing - random access files
- What does SQL stand for?
- Structured Query language
-
What type of relational database does the following describe?
Relational database management systems with extensions that handle object storage in the relational table structure
This is done by user defined types - Object-Relational Databases
-
What type of relational database does the following describe?
Add persistence extensions to an object-oriented programming language
Create a entirely separate database management system - Object-Oriented Databases (OODBMS)
- What defines how systems exchange information with other systems
- system interface
- What defines how the system will interact with external entities like customers, suppliers, or other systems
- user interface
- What defines how programs communicate with each other.
- Application programing interface
- What refers to the ability of an interface to make the user aware of the information it contains with the least amount of effort on the user’s part.
- Content awareness
- What refers to designing interfaces that are pleasing to the eye?
- Aesthetics
- What is an outline of the steps that the users perform to accomplish some part of their work
- use scenario
- What defines the basic components of the interface and how they work together to provide functionality to users
- Interface Structure Design
- What are the basic design elements that are common across the individual screens, forms, and reports within the system.
-  Interface Standards Design
- What is a concept from the real world that is used as a model for the computer system.
- o Interface Metaphor
- What is a “mock-up†or a simulation of a computer screen, form or report
- o Interface design prototype
- What is a paper-based prototype design of interfaces that shows flow of control from one screen to another.
- Storyboard prototype
- What is built using the actual programming language?
- Language prototype
- What type of interface evaluation examines the interface by comparing it to a set of heuristics or principles of interface design
-  Heuristic evaluation
- What type of interface evaluation deals with the meeting conducted with the users to simulate the interfaces
-  Walk-through evaluation
- What type of interface evaluation deals with the Users trying out the system
-  Interactive evaluation
- What is the process of defining how the users will interact with the system and the nature of the inputs and outputs that the system accepts and produces.
- Navigation Design
-
T/F  Analyst have to make certain assumptions about the users
o They have not read the manual
o They have not attended the training
o Do not have external help readily at hand - T
- What refers to designing the screens and forms to gather data for the application system
- input design
- What type of proccessing refers to:o The inputs are processed immediately as soon as they are entered into the system
-  On-line Processing
- What type of proccessing refers to:collects inputs over time and enters them into the system at one time in a batch
- Batch Processing
- What type of client does this refer to: client is also responsible for the application logic.
- Thick/Fat Client
- What type of client does this refer to: client that is only responsible for the presentation logic
- Thin Client
- What does DOC stand for?
- Distributing Objects Computing
- What does CORBA stand for
- Common Object Request Broker Architecture
- What does DCOM stand for?
-  Distributed Component Object Model
- What is is a diagram that shows major components of the information system and their geographical location through out the organization
-  Network Model
- What is a document that describes the hardware and software needed to support the new system
-  Hardware and Software Specification Document