Sociology Exam CHapter 1,3,4 & 5
Terms
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- Emile Durkheim
-
1858-1917: France
Suicide Rates:
Catholics-most likely
Protestants-most likely
jewish-least likely - Structural Functional
- A frameowrk for ubuilding theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.
- Global Perspective
- The study of the larger world and out society's place in it.
- High Income Countries
- United States
- Middle Income Countries
- Asia
- Low Income Countries
- Africa
- Latent Functions
- The unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern.
- Manifest Functions
- The recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern.
- Culture
- the values, beliefs, behavior, ad material objects that together form a people's way of life.
- Culture Shock
- Personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life.
- Culture Lag
- The fact tha some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system.
- Material Culture
- The tangible things created by members of a society.
- Nonmaterial Culture
- The intangible world of ideas created by members of a society.
- Norms
- Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members.
- Folkways
- Norms for routine or casual interaction. Ex)Opening a door for a woman.
- Mores
- Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance. Ex)pedophilia
- Multiculturalism
- An Educational program recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting the equality of all cultural traditions.
- Symbols
- Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture.
- Language
- A system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another.
- Cultural Transmission
- the process by which one generation passes culture to the next.
- Subculture
- cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population.
- Counterculture
- cultural patterms that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society.
- Cultural Relativism
- The practice of evaluating a culture by its own standards.
- Ethnocentrism
- The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture.
- Peer Groups
- A social group whose members have interests, social position, and age in common. Ex)Basketball team
- Anticipatory Socialization
- Learning that helps a person achieve a desired position. Ex)young kids talking in slang to fit in.
- Resocialization
- Radically changing an inmate's personality by carefully controlling the enviroment.
- Max Weber
- 1864-1920 German sociologist. Emphasized the need to understand a setting from the point of view of the people.
- Herbert Spencer
- Body Metaphore & Social Darwinism
- C. Wright Mills
-
Change people & Change society.
Society, not peoples fallings is the cause of social prolem. - Sigmund Freud
- Turned to the study of personality and mental disorder then to the theory of psychoanalysis.
- Jean Piaget
- studied human cognition, or how people think
- Harry Harlow
- Studied monkeys and isolation
- Lawrence Kohlberg
- Built on Piaget's work in studying moral resoning. Moral Development
- Carol Gilligan
- The Gender Factor. Compared moral development of girls and boys and concluded that the two sexes use different standards of rightness.
- George Herbert Mead
- The Social Self-used to explain how social experience creates individual personality.
- Erick Erickson
- 8 Stages of Development