Mammalogy; Lecture 1
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- What two orders make up 62% of the worlds mammals?
- Order Rodentia & Order Chiroptera
- Which Order catches all of the taxa that retain primitive characteristics?
- Order Insectivora
- What percentage of mammals is the large mammals?
- 19%
- How many new species were discovered in the past 12 years?
- 270
- What are the major 8 characteristics of mammals?
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1. Mammary glands (uniq to mamm)
2. Sweat (sudiferous) glands
3. Sebaceous glands
4. Musk glands
5. Hair
6. Four chambered heart
7. Anucleate Erythrocytes
8. Muscular diaphram - What are the function of sweat glands?
-
1. Evaporative cooling
2. Elimination of waste - What do sebaceous glands do?
- Secrete oil, water proofing, associated w/hair follicle
- What are musk glands for?
- Scent glands that function for protection or mark territory
- What are the four componants of a piece of hair (not cellular level)
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1. Follicle: cavity in wc hair is found in dermis
2. Root: portion of living hair
3. Shaft: portion of dead cells
4. Arrector Pilli - Describe the 3 parts of a piece of hair on the cellular level
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1. Cuticle: scale-like pattern
2. Cortex: middle layer tt contains pigment
3. Medulla: central core of cells, often with air spaces - What are the two main functions of hair?
- Protection and Insulation
- What are the two types of insulating hairs?
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1. Underfur: dense short fur
2. Guard hairs: long hairs tt form over hair - What are the two types of protective coloration of hair?
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1. Pelage: coat of hair
2. Molts: change of pelage due to either age and/or seasonal - Do mammals have an open or closed circulatory system?
- Closed
- Which two types of circulation are completely separated in mammals?
- Pulmonary and systemic circulation
- Our digestice system track is _____________
- Compartmentalized
- Where are bacteria cultivated in hind gut fermenters? Give an example.
- lg Caecum; Horses
- Where are bacteria cultivated in front gut fermenters? Give an example.
- Stomach; cows
- Describe the different patterns of testes "location" in mammals
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1. Testes descend wn male reaches sexual maturity-most mammals
2. Testes descend but are w/drawn into body cavity b/w breeding season
3. Testes do not descend but remain abdominal - Describe two of the mammalian characteristics of the brain
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1. great increase in size of cerebral hemispheres
2. Development of the neopallium - What ear characteristics are unique to mammals?
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1. Pinnae
2. 3 ear ossicles
3. Cochlea coiled in most forms (may not be unique) - What are whiskers called?
- Vibrissae
- What the sensory pad on base of Vibrissae called?
- Mystacial pad
- What are some differences b/w reptiles and mammals
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1. More completely ossified
2. Simplification of skeletal elements and reduction of numbers
3. Reptiles growth is continuous - What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column?
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1. Cervical
2. Thorasic
3. Lumbar
4. Sacrum
5. Caudal - How many ribs are in each region of the vertebral column?
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1. Cervical= no ribs!
2. Thorasic= 12 to 13
3. Lumbar= 5 to 7
4. Sacrum= ?
5. Caudal=(tail area) number varies