BIOLOGY PCAT TERMS
Terms
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- Metabolism
- the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body
- What do catabolic reactions do?
- breaks down large chemicals and release energy
- What do anabolic reactions do?
- They build up large chemicals and require energy.
- Ingestion
- the acquisition of food and other raw materials
- Digestion
- the process of converting food into a usable soluble form so that it can pass through membranes in the digestive tract and enter the body
- Absorption
- the passage of nutrient molecules through the lining of the digestive tract into the body
- Transport
- the circulation of essential compounds required to nourish the tissues and the removal of waste products from the tissues
- Assimilation
- The building up of new tissues from digested food materials
- Respiration
- the consumption of oxygen by the body
- Excretion
- the removal of waste products (such as carbon dioxide, water, and urea) produced during metabolic processes like respiration and assimilation
- Synthesis
- the creation of complex molecules from simple ones
- Regulation
- the control of physiological activities
- Homeostasis
- state body is in that functions to maintain its internal environment in a changing external environment
- Irratability
- ability to respond to a stimulus and is part of regulation
- Growth
- an increase in size caused by a synthesis of new materials
- Photosynthesis
- the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates
- Reproduction
- the generation of additional individuals of a species
- Describe general structure of carbohydrates (elements that make it up and how many).
- Carbohydrates are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio respectively.
- What are two functions of carbohydrates?
- 1) Storage forms of energy 2) structural molecules
- What is the difference between glucose/glycogen and starch?
- Glucose/glycogen store energy in animals while starch stores energy in plants.