Biology Mid Year Terms
Terms
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- Biology
- science of life (12)
- Life (Propeties of)
- Cellular organization, Metabolism, Homeostasis, reproduction, heredity
- Energy
- capacity for doing work, often described as the ability to make things move or change (75)
- Reproduction
- The ability to reproduce from one generation to the next is the property of all living things. Bacteria divide daugter cells every 15 minutes for example. Since no organism lives forever, reproduction is essential to life.
- Metabolism
- Sum of all chemical processes occuring in an organism (13, 85)
- Micro Evolution
- change that occurs within a species time (251)
- Macro evolution
- change that occurs among species over time as new species evolve and old species become extinct (251)
- Cellular Organization
- All living things are composed of one or more cells, tiny chambers with thin covering called membranes. smallest unit capable of life
- Homeostasis
- Maintaining relatively stable internal conditions, often quite different than their surroundings.
- Cell
- Smallest unit capable of life functions
- Multicellular
- Organisms with more than one cell. ex) human beings
- Heredity
- Set of instructions to offspring, which results in family resemblance
- Acid
- Compound that is a proton doner
- Acid Rain
- Precipetation with below normal pH often the result of industrial pollution
- Active site
- sit on which an enzyme attaches to its substrate
- Active transport
- the movement of a particle through a membrane acgainst a concentration gradient with the use of energy from ATP (62)
- Adaption
- the process of becoming adapted to an environment, an anatomical structure, physiological process, or behavioral trait that improves an organisms likelihood of survival and reproduction
- adedine
- a purine base; component of nucleo tides
- thymene
- a purine base; component of nucleo tides
- Guanine
- the other base; component of nucleo tides
- Cytosine
- a base; component of nucleo tides
- allosteric enzyme
- an enzyme whose shape can be altered by the binding of a signal molecule to its surface
- activation energy
- amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
- amino acid
- organic molecule that is the build block of a protein (36)
- amylase
- enzyme that breaks down startches into sugars
- antibiotic
- substance used as a drug to kill bacteria
- Species
- A group of organisms that look alike and are capable of producing fertile offspring in nature (251)
- Species diversity
- the number of species in an ecosystem
- Gene
- section of chromosome that codes for a protein or RNA molecule (119)
- Mutation
- change in the DNA of a gene or chromosome (124, 154)
- Cellulose
- Carbohydrate that is the main structural component of cell walls (34)
- Diatom
- photsynthetic unicellular protist of the phylum Bacillariophyta (486)
- Cell membranes
- bilipid layer that encloses the cytoplasm, essential to the cell's cytoplasm; also called the plasma membrane (26)
- Coevolution
- reciprocal evolutionary adjustments between interacting members of an ecosystem (361)
- Evolution
- change in the genetic makeup of a population or specis over time (48)
- Atoms
- smalles unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means (29)
- Electron
- elementary particle with negative electric charge, that rotate around the nucleus (29)
- Proton
- particles in the nucleus clustered with neutrons with a positive charge (29)
- Neutron
- particles with no charge that are clustered in the nucleus of an atom with protons (29)
- Molecule
- Smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms bonded by the sharing of electrons (30)
- Chemical Formula
- chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. It identifies each type of chemical element by its element symbol and identifies the number of atoms of such element to be found in each discrete molecule of that compound