Physics Mod II
Terms
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how much pressure it takes to get a certain volume
ease of filling the lungs - lung compliance
- volume/pressure
- lung compliance
- lungs have have a tendency to recoil ______, chest wall has a tendancy to move _______. (opposing forces)
- inward, outward
- breath delivery to patient is what kind of pressure?
- positive pressure
- exhalation of a breath from a patient is what kind of pressure?
- passive
- doesn't matter if the change in driving pressure is in the form of positive pressure (mechanical ventalation or??? what else
- negative pressure (normal breathing)
- if lungs are stiff compliance will? (increase/decrease)?
- decrease
- elastance is the opposite or reciprocal of?
- compliance
- how much volume you can get at a given pressure
- pressure/volume
- when the force (pressure) exceeds the elastic properties, the result is?
- rupture or break
- lungs with a high compliance have a (high or low) elastance?
-
low
think underwear - lungs with a low compliance have a (high or low ) elastance?
-
high
think underwear - pressure/flow
- airway resistance
- rate of flow through the airway is a function of the pressure gradient and the resistance to flow. narrowed airway,mucous plug,excessive secretions,etc)
- Raw or airway resistance
- low flow rates and low pressure gradients
- laminar flow
- increase airway resistance. High pressure gradient and high flow
- turbulent flow
- PEEP stands for?
- positive end expitory pressure
- Raw stands for ?
- airway resistance
- PIP stands for ?
- peak inspiratory pressure
- volume/plateau pressure-peep=
- Compliance static
- title volume=
- resting volume
- in the Raw formula pressure over flow, what makes up the pressure??
- PIP-plateau pressure
-
volume/PIP-PEEP
aka V/P - compliance dynamic
-
PIP-Plateau/Flow
aka P/Flow - Airway resistance calculation; Raw calculation
- Cstat+Raw=
- compliance dynamic
-
Poiseuille's Law
as the pressure increase, the flow _______? increases or decreases - increases
-
Poiseuille's Law
as the length of the tube decreases, the flow ______? increases or decreases - increases
-
Poiseuille's Law
as the radius of the tube increases, the flow______? increases of decreases - increases
-
Poiseuille's Law
as the viscosity decreases, the flow______?
increases or decreases - increases
- law that deals with relationship beteween flow, radius, length of tube,viscosity and pressure
- Poiseuille's Law
- the size of the ______is directly related to gas flow and inversly related to the work of breathing?
- airway
- PaO2 stands for ?
- arterial oxygen partial pressure
- FIO2 stands for?
- fractional concentration of inspired O2
- oxygen form transport. 2 ways by blood. What are they?
- 1 dissolves oxygen in the blood plasma.2 Chemically bound to the hemoglobin
- this shows the % of hemoglobin that is chemmically bound to oxygen at each oxygen pressure
- oxygen dissociation curve
-
oxygen dissociation curve
80-100 mmHg normal
60-80 mmHg mild
40-60 mmHg moderate
< 40 severe -
oxygen dissociation curve
80-100 mmHg normal
60-80 mmHg mild
40-60 mmHg moderate
< 40 severe - PO2 of ___mmgh means HB is approximatly 90% saturated
- 60
- 3 things that affect level of 2,3-DPG?
- hypoxia,anemia and pH cnages
- a metabolic intermediary that is formed by the RBCs durning anaerobic glycolysis
- 2,3-DPG
- ______ enhances the release of O2 because it increases body temp
- exercise
- 2 types of analyzers used to verify FIO2 that are electrochemical?(electrochemical,produce flow of electrons)
- Galvanic,Polarographic
- rate at which electrons flow thru a circuit per unit of time is called?
- current
- rate at which electrons flow thru a circuit per unit of time is called current and is expressed as?
- amperes
-
voltage=driving pressure
rate of flow= - current(amperes)
- driving pressure pushing electrons thru a conduting metal (element) or cirucuit is called?
- voltage
- flow of electrons between two areas of different electrical potential (or charge)
- electricity
- at regular intervals the current reversed it's direction
- AC or alternating current
- most equipment requires ___to operate? AC or DC
- DC
- electrons flowing thru the circit (toward the positive pole of a circuit)
- DC or direct current
- electricity seeks lowest level or lowesnt potential. It seek s the path of least resistance to it's flow.
- grounding
- 3 prong plug was created to ensure that.....
- leakage occurance is harmlessly diverted
-
currentXresistance=
ohms law - voltage
- volts/resistance (ohms)=
- current
-
constant resistance,increase voltage,____current amp
increase or decrease - increase
-
increase or decrease
____resistance,constant voltage,decreased current - increase
-
increase or decrease
decrease resistance,___voltage,constant current amp - decrease
- transmits 2 wavelengths of light through arterialized capillary beds
- pulse oximeter
- transmits 4 wavelengths of light and can detect the amt of methemoglobin, carboxy Hb,deoxy Hb and oxy Hb
- co-oximeter
- functional saturation it only looks at Hb in Capable of binding with O2.
- pulse oximeter
- compares the amt of Hb that is capable of being saturated
- pulse oximeter
- fractional saturation. It compares the amt of Hb that is saturated with the total Hb present
- co-oximeters
- SaO2 stands for??
- Hb saturation
- SpO2 stands for?
- Spot Oxygen saturation
- patient below __% needs blood gas done, pulse ox won't work and reading wond be accurate
- 75
- distending pressure of a liquid sphere is directly proportional to the surface tension
- laplaces law
- distending pressure of a liquid shere is indirectly proportional to radius
- laplaces law
-
pressure/volume=elastance
which law - laplaces law
- an effective small vol. nebulizer should deliver ___% of its toal dose of medication as an aerosol
- 580
- compares the amt of Hb that is saturated with the total amount of Hb present
- co-oximeter
-
present of surfactant in the alveoli ____compliance.
increases or decreases - increases
- the distal regions of the lungs when gas flow stops
- brownian movement
- illustrates relatonship between % Hb sat and PO2
- O2 Dissocciation curve
- ____can tie up large amounts of Hb
- carbon minoxide
- occurs when aerosol particles settle out of suspension because of gravity
- gravitational sedimentation
- 4 types of aerosol generators
- jet nebs,ultrasonic nebs, metered dos inhaler with spacer,dry powder inhaler
- difference between two points in a tube
- driving pressure
- barometic pressure difference between the mouth pressure and the alveolar pressure
- transairway pressure
- difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural presure
- transpulmonary pressure
- recipricol of elastance
- compliance
- change in pressure divided by the change in volume=elastance
- hookes law