Nursing exam three

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What is documentation of what has been taught and what needs to be taught for self- care?: discharge plans
This is represented by a change in behavior. desire or requirement to know something that is presently unknown and knowledge or skill, physical ability, or behavior must occur for this to take place?: Learning
What three people had learning theories based on behavior? These included positive reinforcement, modeling, and imitation. Utilization: identification of what is being taught, immediate practice and role models: Pavlov, Skinner, and Bandura
What three people had learning theories based on cognitivism? These include thinking process, teacher/learner relationship, must look at cognitive stage, Domains: psychomotor, affective, cognitive. Utilization: Learner's developmental stage, multise: Piaget, Lewin, and Bloom
What two people had a Humanism learning theory: cognitive and affective qualities of learner, relevant to learner. Utilization: focus on feelings and attitudes, self- motivation, resource person, mentor, nurse/patient relationship.: Maslow, Rogers
Always involve the patient in the planning of how they are going to be taught and prioritize what needs to be taught first.: No answer
Learning outcomes are _____ or measurable.: observable
What is the ability to move freely, easily, rhythmically, and purposefully in the environment?: mobility
Enery plus mobility are vital for _______.: activity
What kind of ROM are initiated by the person?: Active
What kind of ROM are initiated by a person other than the patient?: Passive
In this type of exercise the muscles shorten to produce muscle contraction and active movement; like with running, walking, swimming, cycling, and ADL's. Active ROM. This exercise increases muscle tone, mass, and strength, maintains joint flexibility and: Isotonic
This exercise is change in muscle tension, no change in muscle length, no muscle movement or joint movement. examples: Quadriceps leg extensions from sitting position, tensing thigh muscle, and pressing knee against bed: Isometric
This type of exercise involves muscle contraction or tension against resistence; person moves (isotonic) or tenses (isometric) against resistence. Example would be weight lifting.: Isokinetic
This is an activity during which the amount of oxygen taken in the body is greather than that used to perform the activity. Uses large muscle groups in a rhythmic nature, and improves cardiovascular conditioning.: Aerobic exercise
This is an activity in which the muscle cannot draw out enough oxygen from the bloodstream, additional energy for a short time, such as endurance training for atheletes.: Anaerobic exercise
Complete bed rest is essential in the healing process why?: Reduces the need for oxygen and the oxygen goes toward the healing process
_____ is the lack of movement or the state of not being able to move. It affects multi- systems.: Immobility
_____ of altered mobility. Decreased muscle strength and tone, lack of coordination, altered gait (ataxic staggering undsteady, waddle duck like, hemiplegic- one leg paralyzed, festinating walking on toes); falls; decreased joint flexibility; and pain on: Manifestations
What is anklosed?: It is when the joint is permanently immobile.
Three factors contribute to ____: Impaired venous return of blood to heart (positioning, edema); injury to vessel wall (blood gets caught and clots); and hypercoagulability (dehydration-blood viscosity to increase and elevated serum calcium levels- seen: DVT
Respiratory related to immobility -Decreased lung span Decreased vital capacity Decreased inflation of lungs restricted movement pooling of secretions hypostatic _______ atelectasis (collapsed lung) Decrease: Pneumonia
Nutrition/metabolic rate with immobility Decreased metabolic rate- basal metabolic rate decreases Alters drug metabolism Weight loss R/t loss of muscle mass and diuresis Negative Nitrogen Balance- Depletion of ______ stored and elevat: protein
What is the loss of appetite R/T decreased metabolic rate=decreased caloric needs which results in decreased energy and malnutrion.: Anorexia
Disuse ______- Bone demineralization secondary to immobility: osteoporosis
Immobility leads to ____ sores (decubitus), which are pressure induced sores because of decreased blood supply to tissue resulting in decreased nutrients, O2, waste removal decreased, cells die=necrotic. Pressure is greater in teh supin position- Ba: Pressure
Immobility leads to urinary ____ Decreased urge to void in supin position, inconvenient for the staff/bother, cannot void lying down, delayed micturition (urine pools in the bladder, overstretching of the bladder muscle which results in permanent ch: stasis
Urinary retention from immobility _____ r/t stagnant urine Renal Caliculi (kidney stones) Urinary stasis increases serum calcium levels from the loss of calcium from the bones Urinary calcium can precipitate to for crystals that may: UTI
___________ from immobility Abdominal and perineal muscles weaken causing decreased ability to bear down and exert pressure to pass stool. Decreased peristalsis causing hardening of stool, dehydration Impaction because of decreased activit: Constipation
Immobility interfers with normal sleep patterns Lack of fatigue Increase _____ Awaken by frequent turning Unfamiliar noisy environment: naps
Cognition/Perception _____ decreases freedom to socialize Preoccupation with somatic complaints Decreased ability to recognize and respond to pain r/t prolonged pressure.: Immobility
Self-Perception/self-concept Feelings of powerlessness Dependence on others Embarrassment r/t devices such as crutches, walker, cane, and wheelchair: no answer
Roles/relationships with immobility Disruption of school and social activities Inability to work Disruption of parental or spousal activities, care of children/parents: no answer
coping/stress with immobility not a desired function ability trauma- permanent many hours alone bored and lonely depression, anxiety, anger- withdrawl and demanding: no answer
Sexuality with immobility Limited mobility lack of privacy depression fatigue impede grooming- sexual identity: NA
What is a fiberoptic examination of abnormalities in the knees, hips, joints, and elbows?: arthroscopy

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