Crime & Criminals
Terms
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- Basic Premises of crime scene searches
- 1. The best options are ususally the most difficule and time consuming. 2. Physical evidence cannot be overdocumented. 3. there are 2 search approaches: a cautious search of visible areas avoiding evidence loss or contamination. A vigorous search of concealed areas.
- Items needed to complete a profile
- 1. Complete set of crime photos; photos in all angle. 2. Neighborhood data- ethnic, racial, religious, socio-economic data. 3. Medical Examiners Report. 4. Construct a map of the victims travels that day. 5. Complet investigation report from 1st officer on the scene. 6. Complete background of the victim.
- Geographical profiling
- The use of detailed information and specialized analytical tools to locate offenders.
- Sketch contents
- Case identifer. Date, time, and location. Weather and lighting conditions. Identity & assignments of personnel. Dimensions of the room, furniture, doors, and windows. Distancs between objects, persons, bodies, entrances, and exits. Measurements showing the location of evidence. Key, legend, compass orientation, scale, scale disclaimer, or a combination.
- Personality is composed of?
- A person's total set of values & attitudes: views of motherhood & fatherhood, law & order, and all other social, cultural, religious, and personal experiences that have been a part of their life.
- Disorganized Asocial Offender
- White Males, Interverted, non-athletic, loners, suffered physical & emotional abuse, lonely childhoods w/ imaginary playmates, poor student, other kids viewed them as weird, disorganized in all of their life: room, car, etc., serial offenders: over & over, their appetite gets stronger. The urge to return to the scene is very powerful. May want to attend the funeral, they may keep diaries, video, tapes. Cannot interact w/ other people. Don't venture far from home; their comfort zone. Nocturnal.
- Interview tactics for Organized Nonsocial
- Be completely confident in your approach. Be direct and have every detail nown. They know how to smell bullshit.
- Pyromaniac
- person with an insane desire to set things on fire; The irresistible urge to start fires.
- Sketch purpose
- Establishes a permanent record of items, conditins, & distance & size relationships. Sketches supplement photographs. Also gives another prospective.
- Goal #1
- Provide the cjs w/ a social & psychological assesment of the offender. Purpose: should contain basic & sound information concerning the social and psychological core variables of the offender's personality. Assesment should include: age range, race, employment, religion, maritial status, education.
- Murder Castle
- Home of a serial killer.
- Organized v. Disorganized Arsonist
- Organized: Elaborate incendiary devices (Timers), Less physical evidence; more skillful ( less footprints and fingerprints), methodical approach (trailers, mutiple fire sets, excessive accelerant use) Disorganized; Materials on hand, matches, cigarettes, more common accelerants (lighter fluid, gasoline) More physical evidence left behind.
- Eric Hickey Characteristics of Serial Killer
- Male, White, started killing around the age of 28, chose strangers, operate in small geographical area. dysfunctional backgrounds, emotional and physical and sexual abuse as a child, parents are drug user or alcoholics.
- Signature
- unique manner certain offenders will commit a crime. Could use certain words, the manner in which they will kill, or leave something at the scene.
- Pyromaniac Firesetting Experience
- Generally made in haste & in a disorganized fallion. Set in basements, office buildings, schools etc. Used matches, newspapers, and other available materials. They started numerous fires, they set false alarms, random targets, no regard for life; fires were frequently set around occupied buildings.
- Structural Theories
- social factors: Factors in the environment
- Profiler
- One who attempts to describe the psychological and personal characteristics of unknown criminals.
- Clustered Crime Scene
- A scene of criminal investigation at which most of the crime-related activity has taken place, including the confrontation, the attack, and sexual assault, and the homicide.
- Goal #2
- Provide the cjs w/ a psychological evaluation of belongings found in the possession of the offender. This psychological profile may suggest items that the offender may have in their poession; souvenirs, photos, etc.
- Inductive Profiling
- An assumption that if a certain crimes committed by different people are similar, then the offenders must also share some common personality traits.
- Goals in Profiling
- Broad to General Statements of what is to be accomplished.
- Secure and Protect the Crime Scene
- 1. Take control of the scene immediately. 2. Determine the extent to which the scene has been protected. Obtain information from personnel who have knowledge of the original conditions. 3. Designate one person in chage for final decision making & problem resolution. 4. Continue to take extensive notes. 5. Keep out unauthorized personnel. 6. Record who enters and leaves.
- Goal #3
- To provide interviewing suggestions & strategies.
- Profiling
- Criminal investigation assesment- An educated attempt to provide investigative agencies w/ specific information about the type of individual who committed a certain crime.
- Staging a crime scene
- Arranging a corpse, weapon, or other evidence to mislead the police about how the crime occured.
- Assumptions of profiling
- The crime scene relflects the personality of the offender. The M.O. remains similar. The signature remains the same. The personality will stay the same.
- Personality
- The sum total of what a person is.
- Crimes Suitable for Profiling
- 1. Stranger Rape 2. Arson 3. Lust and Mutilation Murders 4. Sadistic Torture 5. Child Sexual Abuse/ Pedophilia 6. Bank Robbery 7. Obscene & Terroristic Letter Writing 8. Eviscerations
- FBI Serial Killer Triad
- Bedwetting, setting fires, cruel to animals
- Individual Theories
- psychological: Factors in the person.
- Fractured Identity Syndrome
- Someone who has had a tramatic event occur in their life. In order to cope, they have to split it off into another area of their being. One side they show the world then there is the darkside. The dark side seeks glamour and attention through violence.
- Motives of Arsonist
- Revenge, excitement, vandalism, profit, and concealment of another crime
- Serial Killer
- someone who murders more than three victims one at a time in a relatively short interval with a cooling down period in between each murder.
- Components of Arson
- Burning of Property. Incendiary in origin, and Malice involved.
- Typical Arsonist
- Male, < 30, Unemployed, Rough childhood, problems w/ school, all socioeconomic classes, lives alone, few friends, lonely, abuses alcohol, inadequate, believes that they are a disappointment, Rage toward society. Does not think of the victims at the time of the fire.
- Pyromaniac characteristics
- age 16-28, Male, White, Intelligent, Has some physical defects, Mental Disorders: psychotic disorders, psychopathy. Middle or uper class. Had prior criminal records.
- Asocial Crime Scene
- Afterthought not well planned. A lot of blood. Weapon left behind. Enormous rage. May have cut themselves or leave fingerprints.
- Spree Murder
- Killing of three or more persons within 30 days. Spree murder is often associated w/ felony homicides.
- Deductive Profiling
- Thorough analysis of the crime scene & the evidence left at the scene. The profiler can construct a mental picture of the unknown offender. The more one knows about the victim, the more one knows about the offender.
- Sherlock Holmes
- Great fiction detective profiler. His special skill was using the deductive profiling method to solve cases. He said his gift is his great attention to detail. He took note of evidence that others overlooked.
- Motus Operandi
- Method of Operation: method a person uses in performance of repeated criminal acts.
- Organized Nonsocial Offenders
- Chooses not to interact w/ other people because they are too smooth. Sociopathic ego manic: cannot connect w/ other people emotionally. All about themselves. Organized, planners. Very Mobile, Can make friends easily. Intelligent. Dresses well and has a good job. Doesn't return to the crime scene.
- Interview tactics for Asocial Offenders
- Empathise with the offender, act like you are on their side and understand what they are going through. Establish a positive relationship. Interview in the evening.
- Organized Nonsocial Offenders
- Very clean and organized. Fewer stab wounds, precise cuts. No weapon will be found. Gloves worn. Usually will move the body to dump site.
- Classifications of fires
- Natural, Accidental, Unknown, Suspicious, Incendiary