Biology chapter 41- Ecosystems
Terms
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- Ecosystem
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a community and its abiotic env
complex and stable, many interactions - Ecological succession
- Succesion-a series of diff communities each one altering the area, making it more favorable for the next succesive stage
- Primary succession
- the 1st community or life in an area
- Secondary succession
- needs to be in an area that already had life ex. corn field not natural
- monoculture
- man maintains, not natural
- biom
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large area that has typical vegetation, climate
ex. tundra, desert, rainforrest - Abiotic environmental factors
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Latitude- how close bioms are the the equator
Insolation- how much sunlight is hittin the land
Air currents and ocean currents
Topography-ex. flat lands, hills= drainage and insolation - Autotrophs
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make their own food
plants through photosynthesis - Herbivores
- feed directly on plants
- Carnivores
- feed on animals
- Omnivores
- feeds on both
- Detritivores
- feeds on dead
- Validity
- the extent to which an experiment tests what it is supposed to test
- Internal Validity
- the extent to which an experiment ensures that the IV is responsible for any changes in the DV
- Threats to Internal Validity
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History effects
Maturation
Testing
Instrumentation
Selection Bias
Attrition - External Validity
- the extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized to the real world
- Threats to External Validity
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Sample characteristics
Stimulus or setting characteristics - Mundane realism
- making the experiment like the real world
- experimental realism
- making the experiment feel realistic to the participants
- Construct Validity
- the extent to which a hypothesized conceptual explanation of an experimental effect is justified
- Threats to Construct validity
-
experimenter effects
demand characteristics - Reliability
- the extent to which an experiment or measure gets consistent results
- Interrater reliability
- the extent to which different raters or judges give the same result
- Internal Consistency
- the extent to which different items w/in a measure give the same result
- Test-retest reliability
- the extent to which the same results are found at different times