Bio Genetics Test
Terms
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- XXY
- male; 47 chromosomes; Klinefelter's
- XO
- 45 chromosomes; female; Turner's syndrome
- XYY
- Supermale; 47 chromosomes; testosterone/aggression?
- XXX
- Superfemale; 47 chromosomes
- XXO
- Barr Body (Inactive X)
- amniocentesis
- tissue culture
- Down Syndrome
- Added chromosome on 21st pair of chromosomes
- chromosome
- structures in the cell nucleus composed of DNA and protein, bearing genes; every species has a particular number
- gene
- the part of the DNA molecule which holds a unit of genetic information
- allele
- genes contrasting of different expressions that control the same trait
- homologous chromosomes
- identical chromosomes (in shapes), genetically similar chromosomes in a cell, one from each parent
- Law of Segregation
- The separation of alleles into different gametes; the "coming apart"of different allelic groups and genes into different cells during meiosis
- Law of Independent Assortment
- the way one pair of alleles segregates has no effect on how another pair of genes segregates
- PKU (phenylketonuria)
- missing enzyme so that amino acid phenylalanine isn't broken down; autosomal recessive
- Tay-Sachs
- missing enzyme causes the accumulation of a lipid in the lysosomes of brain cells; autosomal recessive
- Cystic Fibrosis
- an abnormal protein doesn't allow the transport of chloride ions into the cell; autosomal recessive
- Sickle cell anemia
- causes abnormal hemoglobin which alters the shape of a red blood cell; autosomal recessive; codominant disorder
- Huntington's Disease
- mutation is due to a repeated triplet (CAG); autosomal dominant
- Color blindness
- x-linked recessive;due to a faulty color-receptor cone in the eye
- Hemophilia
- the lack of a clotting factor, factor VIII, causes severe bleeding; X-linked recessive
- polyploidy
- condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
- nondisjunction
- error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate
- mutation
- inheritable alteration in gene material
- translocation
- transfer of a chromosome segment to a non homologous chromosome
- linkage
- shown by genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together
- recombinant DNA
- DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources
- gene pool/frequency
- the larger the gene pool, the less frequent a specific disorder will occur
- inversion
- a chromosome mutation in which the order of the genes on a chromosome is changed
- synapsis
- when crossing over of chromosomes occurs
- incomplete dominance
- a cross between two organisms showing contrasting forms of a trait that produces offspring showing a trait intermediate between the two parental types