Science Ch.5
Science vocabulary on earthquakes, faults, etc.
Terms
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- Epicenter
- The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquakes focus
- Compression
- Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
- Reverse Fault
- A type of fault where the haning wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust
- seismograph
- a device that records ground movements caused by earthquakes as they move though earth
- Magnitude
- The measurement of an Earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults
- Tsunamis
- A giant wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor
- Fault
- A break or crack in the earth's lithosphere along which rocks move
- Richter Scale
- A scale that rates earthquakes measured by a mechanical seismograph
- P waves
- A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground
- Stress
- A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
- Anticline
- An upward fold in rock formed by compression of earth's crust
- Seismic Waves
- A vibrationt that travels through earth carrying the energy released duringa n earthquake
- Syncline
- A downward fold in rock formed by compression in earth's crust
- Moment Magnitude Scale
- A scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake
- Surface Waves
- A type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach the Earth's surface
- Folds
- A bend in rock that forms where part of the earth's crust is comporessed
- Liquefaction
- The process by which an earthquake's violent movement suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud
- Base- Isolated Building
- A building mounted on bearings designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake
- Mercalli Scale
- A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause
- Strike- Slip Fault
- A type of fault where rocks on either side move past eachother sideways with little up or down motion
- Tension
- Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
- Focus
- The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake
- Normal Fault
- A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust
- Plateau
- A landform that has a more or less level surface and is elevated high above sea level
- Shearing
- Stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite directions
- S waves
- A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side
- Aftershock
- An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area
- Footwall
- The block of rock that forms the lower half of the fault
- Deformation
- A change in the volume or shape of the earth's crust
- Fault- Block Mountain
- A mountain that forms where a normal fault uplifts a block of rock
- Hanging Wall
- The block of rock that forms the upper half of the fault
- Earthquake
- The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath the earth's surface