science vocabulary
Terms
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- shearing
- stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite directions
- folds
- a bend in rock that forms where part of the earth;s crust is compressed
- P waves
- a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the gound
- Richter scale
- a scale that rates seismic waves as measured by mechanical seismograph
- aftershock
- an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area
- reverse fault
- a type of fault where the hanging wall slide upward; caused by compression in the crust
- tsunamis
- a giant wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor
- seicmograph
- a device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through earth
- compression
- stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
- magnitude
- the measurement of an earthquakes strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults
- focus
- the point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and cuases an earthquake
- earthquake
- the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface
- fault block mountain
- a mountain that forms where a normal fault uplifts a block of rock
- mercalli scale
- a scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause
- anticline
- an upward fold in rock formed by compression of earths; crust
- S waves
- a type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side
- moment magnitude scale
- a scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake
- stress
- a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
- normal fault
- a type of fault where hanging wall sides downward caused by tension
- strik slip fault
- a type of fault where rocks on either side move past eachother sideways with little up or down movements
- deformation
- a change n the volume or shape of earths crust
- hanging wall
- block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault
- syncline
- a downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth's crust
- tension
- stress that stretchs rock so that it becomes thiner in the middle
- surface waves
- a type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth's surface
- Epicenter
- the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquakes focus
- footwall
- the block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault
- liquefaction
- the process by which an earthquakes violent movement suddenly turns loos soil into liquid mud