science test review
Terms
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- salinity
- a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid
- continental margin
- includes the continental shelf, slope, and rise (all zones of the ocean)
- turbidity current
- a current of salty water that flows from a smaller body of water
- submarine canyon
- a steep sided valley developed on the sea floor of the continental slope
- abyssal plain
- large flat area on the ocean floor
- seamounts
- steep, narrow volcanic mountains risen from the ocean floor
- guyot
- flat topped seamounts eroded from wave action
- trench
- long narrow crevices
- midocean ridge
- underwater mountains that extend across the worlds' oceans
- plankton
- largest group of plants/animals in the ocean, float near surface, microscopic
- nekton
- all organisms that swim actively in ocean water, independent of currents
- benthos
- organisms that live at the bottom of the ocean
- crest
- highest point of a wave
- trough
- lowest point of a wave
- wavelength
- horizontal distance between two crests or troughs
- tsunami
- underwater earthquake
- upwelling
- the movement of deep, cold, and nutrient rich water to the surface
- what are the three major oceans of the earth?
- atlantic, pacific, and indian
- What is the difference between an ocean and a sea?
- a sea is part of an ocean nearly surrounded by land and an ocean is open water
- how is ocean a source of fresh water?
- evaporation occurs over the ocean but the salt doesn't evaporate
- how did the ocean get salty?
- rocks that dissolved to put sodium chloride in the ocean
- how much of the ocean is salt?
- 3% or 35 ppt on average
- what are the two most abundant elements in the ocean?
- oxygen and hydrogen
- what is a thermocline?
- an area in the ocean where the temperature changes durastically.
- what are the three ocean zones?
- continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise
- how are coral reefs formed?
- from organisms called polyps that make limestone skeletons in warm, shallow water
- What are the three ocean life zones? describe what organisms would live in each one.
-
intertidal zone- starfish, sea anemones, clams
neritic zone- dolphins, plankton, and fish
bathyal zone- sponges, octopi, sea stars - how do oceanographers find out about the ocean floor?
- submersibles, ROV's, AUV's, corers, ect.
- what was the challenger?
- first vessel to record observations of the ocean (england, 1872) read ocean depth and collected animals.
- what does ROV stand for? AUV? what do they help us do and what is the difference?
-
remotley operated vehicle, autonomous underwater vehicle.
AUV's aren't tethered to anything. they help us explore the ocean using cameras and other sensors to go deeper than humans can. - What are the three basic motions of the ocean?
- waves, currents, and tides
- What are the three ways waves are formed?
- winds, earthquakes, and the gravitational pull of the moon
- what are surface currents?
- currents on the surface of the ocean caused mainly by wind patterns
- what are deep currents?
- currents caused by differences in density
- how are tides formed?
- the sun and moon's gravitational pull
- intertidal zone
- zone where organisms live where high and low tides change daily
- what are the two types of plankton?
-
phytoplankton- plants
zooplankton- animals - waves
- pulses of energy that move throught the ocean
- What current effects the west coast?
- california current
- nodules
- on the ocean floor, formed from dissolved substances that stick to solid objects