land use planning test 4

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courts view on regulating aesthetics in the 1910 Curran Bill Posting Co. v. City of Denver case: government can neither control nor regulate in such affairs⬦except in those matters where the rights of others are impaired
the courts view on regulating aesthetics in the 1954 Berman v Parker case?: regulating aesthetics were in the interest of the public welfare.
Why are billboards controversial?: against "scenic America", private gain and public expenditure
Why do we see very tall signs for gas stations along the interstate highways?: On-premise signs are totally exempt from control
How does the U.S. Supreme Court interpret â€œcommercialâ€ free speech?: "commercial" free speech does not compare with "private" free speech.
How did the billboard industry benefit from the Highway Beautification Act of 1965 (Lady Bird Johnson Act) which required removal of non-conforming signs?: Owners receive compensation from the government for removing their obsolete and abandoned signs
Why would a community create an architectural design review?: community character
What is the no excessive difference design concept?: uniformity
What U.S. City has regulates the aesthetics of its skyline?: San Francisco
Name some organizations that promote beautification?: a city may not prohibit signs from being placed, unless it exceeds the limits descried in Section (d) of the same bill
What does Texas House Bill 212 restrict?: a city may not prohibit signs from being placed, unless it exceeds the limits descried in Section (d) of the same bill
What does humorist John Kelso say Wal-Mart should do to make its big-box stores more beautiful?: cover it up with vynil siding
What is the Congress for New Urbanism?: is the leading organization promoting walkable, mixed-use neighborhood development, sustainable communities and healthier living conditions.
What are some of the problems with sprawl? (8): 1. Environmental- nonpoint source solution, tailpip emissions, fertilizers, and pesticides
2. Destruction on Natural Ecosystems-
3.loss of farmland and ranchland
4. automobile dependency-
5. lack of affordable housing
6.segregation of economic class
7. inefficient use of land and energy
8. changing patterns of civil/social life
About how many barrels of oil does the U.S. need to import every day to support our automobile-dependent lifestyle that comes with sprawl?: 20 million barrels/day
Discuss the lack of affordable housing in the suburbs.: it is more money to support living b/c you need your own infrastructure
What is new urbanism: the revival of our lost art of place-making, and is essentially a re-ordering of the built environment into the form of complete cities, towns, villages, and neighborhoods - the way communities have been built for centuries around the world. New Urbanism involves fixing and infilling cities, as well as the creation of compact new towns and villages.
new urbanism promotes: diverse, walkable, compact, mixed use communities, all w/in easy walking distance
What function do front-porches serve in a human-scale neighborhood?: transition between private place inside and public place outside on front sidewalk
What is a â€˜thirdâ€™ place? Give a few examples: Public places where â€œeverybody knows your name
coffee shops, taverns, parks
What established neighborhood in Austin provides an example of â€˜oldâ€™ New Urbanism?: Hyde Park
What is the significance of Seaside, Florida? What type of land use code was used to achieve the desired results?: vacation spot, classic example of new urbanism
What are the obstacles to overcome in building a new urbanist world? Why is it likely to be a â€˜hard sell? 4: 1-Several generations of Americans now known nothing except the suburbs
2-Land / housing typically less expensive per square foot in the outlying suburbs than close to economic activity centers in urban core areas.
3-We love our large backyards
4-We accept our automobile lifestyle
What is Transit Orientated Development?: integrates land use and transit through the creation of compact, walkable, mixed-use communities within ¼ to ½ mile of a transit stop or station
What are some of the â€˜numbersâ€™ associated with transportation and transportation planning?9: # of cars, lanes, level of service,# of persons per vehicle, of transit riders, trips between origins, trips generated by land use intensity formulas, parking spaces needed, dollars to build a new road
What funded the Interstate Highway system?: federal govt
What were three results of building Interstate Highway system? 3: 1-sprawling out of cities
2-creation of new towns and cities
3-decay of towns bypassed by the the highway
What did the 1962 Federal-Aid Highway Act mandate?: Mandated comprehensive, continuous and coordinated urban transportation planning for urban areas of 50,000 or more in population in order to be funded by the Federal Government.
What are the highlights of the 1964 â€“ Urban mass Transportation Act?4: 1-provided federal funding for mass transportation capital projects
2-financed mass transportation research
3-Created Federal transit administration
4-Renamed Bureau of Public Roads to the Federal Highway Administration
What did the 1970 The Urban Mass Transportation Act require planners to do with regard to environmental factors?: required planners to develop environmental analysis follow NEPA
wat is the NEPA?: National Environmental Policy Act - which required that environmental factors must be taken into consideration (if you want FED $$$)
What is an MPO: Metropolitan Planning Organization
what plans to MPO create?: create long-range transportation plans and develop shorter-term Transportation Improvement Plans
The 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (â€œiced-teaâ€) brings together planning and management for?: intermodal transportation (all types including bicycle, pedestrian) transportation; congestion and parking; public transit facilities
What does the Clear Air Act restrict?: â€œno new highways in areas that fail to meet air-quality standards.â€
What are some of the highlights of the 1998 Transportation Equity Act (TEA â€“ 21)?: 1-Required a collaborative approach â€“ involving lots of stakeholders â€“ to planning for solutions to meeting the countryâ€™s transportation needs.
2-Continue planning for a wide-variety of transportation options (ISTEA)
3-Improve the use of intelligent transportation systems including computerized travel information (Example: check Shuttle Bus schedule and real-time location â€“ GPS - with smart phone
Segregated land uses have created residential areas that require a car. How many miles each day does every man, woman and child travel in Central Texas?: 31.1 miles each day
What is the record daily commute (2006) according to the San Jose Business Journal?: 186-mile drive
What are the problems that transportation technologies create?3: Traffic congestion, air pollution, safety
What is Transportation Systems Management (TSM) solutions to managing transportation problems?: Build more road space!
What changes in land use are likely to follow the new SHâ€“130 Toll Road?: commercial/residential
What is Travel Demand Management (TDM) its solutions to managing transportation problems: Manage what we already have! There is enough road space, but we all want to use it at the same time. (Congestion). Car-pooling, High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes, flex-time (large employers like Dell Computer), traffic signal synchronization, telecommuting, others
what is traffic calmingmethods ? 9: speed pillows, speed humps, traffic circles, speed bumps, rough surfaces, pedestrian crossing yellow lines, sidewalk and bike lanes
about how many traffic-related fatalities are there in the U.S. each year?: 42,000
What are some transportation alternatives worth considering?3: commuter rail, bus, rapid bus
What is the Early Action Compact intended to accomplish?: facilitates early compliance with the 8-hour ozone standard
What are primary air pollution standards?: standards designed to promote human health
What are secondary air pollution standards?: designed to protect environment and limit property damage
What is a "non-attainment" area?: Any area of a city that exceeds a primary or secondary standard a specified number of times causes the entire metropolitan area to be in violation
What areas of Texas are currently in non-attainment? 6: dallas-fort worth, el paso, n.e.texas EAC area, san antonio, austin, houston galveston, beaumont port arthur
What criteria pollutant is creating most the problem?: carbon monoxide
where does carbon monoxide come from?: vehicles
What six criteria pollutants are used to establish air quality using the NAAQS?: 1-ozone
2-carbon monoxide
3-sulfur dioxide
4-nitrogen dioxide
5-respirable particluate matter
6-lead
What is a congestion charge?: cost to bring a car into a city/town
Describe the car2go transportation option.: provides a simple and fair price structure that allows members to pay for what they use. kind of like rent a car
What is a TOD and what does it bring together?: people, jobs, and services
What is the "Principal of Triple Convergence?" What are the implications of this?3: Spatial Convergence â€“ drivers will switch from other routes to new road
Time Convergence â€“ drivers who used to avoid peak hours will now travel at a more convenient time putting more cars on the road.
Modal Convergence â€“ commuters who formerly used transit now switch to driving their cars.
Why are fixed-transit stops along fixed-rail routes more attractive to development than a bus-stop that could be easily relocated?: thye arent fixed, just easily located
What does mass transit need to be successful?: requires certain threshold population density, not effective with low-density sprawl
Give a few examples of environmental regulations found in the San Marcos Code of Ordinances.: Erosion Control Standards
Runoff Attenuation
Wastewater Collection and Disposal
Impervious Cover Limitations
Water Quality Zones
Buffer Zones
What are the four primary areas of concern for managing our interaction with the natural environment?: 1-wastewater
2-stormwater runoff
3-atmospheric pollutants
4-solid waste
What were some of the environmental problems associated with â€˜sloppyâ€™ farming practices?: soil erosion and depletion of soil nutrients
What were two â€œnew dealâ€ responses to the dust bowl?: 1-tennessee river authority
2-u.s. soil conservation service
What are some non-point source pollutants?: 1-agricultural chemical run off
2-animal waste
How did the industrial revolution(s) create increasingly complex pollution problems?: 1-toxic waste liquid dumped into rivers
2-production of vehicles
What were some indicators that by the late 1960s something was wrong with our interactions with the natural environment? 4: -causing one river, the Cuyahoga, to catch fire
-killing fish with PCBs in the Hudson and
-spilling oil near the California coast.
-factories churning out emissions to the air and
toxic waste dumps on the land, (Love Canal, New York)
What key pieces of environmental legislation were passed in the late 1960s and early 1970s? 6: 1-National Environmental
2-Policy Act (1969)
3-The Clean Air Act (1970)
4-The Clean Water Act (1972)
5-The Endangered Species Act (1973)
6-The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA
When was the first Earth Day?: 1970
What was / is the importance of the National Environmental Policy Act?: requires all federal agencies to take into account environmental factors.
What is the Environmental Assessment process?: 1-if there is a question to wether or not and EIS might be riqured, then the agency must prepare an EA to demonstrate that the action will not have a significant environmental factor
2-if an EA cannot demonstrate a FONSI, then
3-complete a comprehensive environmental impact statement (EIS)
EIS: Environmental Impact statement$
FONSI: finding of no significant impact
Name two endangered species found in the San Marcos River.: gambusia and texas wild rice
What are the three stages of waste water treatment?: 1-removing solid
2-biological decomposition
3-final filtering/disinfecting
What is effluent? How can this effluent be reclaimed or re-used?: clean treated sewege
irrigation and power pland cooling
What color is a reclaimed water pipe?: purple
What is gray water?: wastewater from showers, bathtubs, handwashing lavatories, washing machines and sinks not used for food preparation or disposal or disposal of hazard or toxic ingredients, as defined by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
What is LEED? What is its purpose?: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
encourages and accelerates global adoption of sustainable green building and development practices through the creation and implementation of universally understood and accepted tools and performance criteria.
What is the urban tree cover goal (percentage of area) for cities west of the Mississippi?: 25%
What is the largest category of energy use for a typical Texas home?: a/c and heater
What is the Energy Star program?: helping us all save money and protect the environment through energy efficient products and practices.
What are LEDs?: light emitting diode
What does the City of Austin now require the owner of a residential facility do before the time of sale of the facility?: energy audit
What is Austinâ€™s single-family energy efficiency goal by 2015?: make all new single-family homes in Austin
zero energy capable, which means the building is
capable of producing as much energy as it consumes.
What are some of the sustainable design features incorporated into the SOL (Solutions Oriented Living) project?4: All landscaping in Sol is drought resistant
Little or no water is needed for irrigation except natural rainfall
Each home is ready for a rainwater collection system.
All home water-based fixtures are low-flow models
What is a GIS and how do planners use this tool?: Geographic information system
display and analyze spatial data which are tied to databases. This connection is what gives GIS its power: maps can be drawn from the database and data can be referenced from the maps.
What is GPS?: Global Positioning System
can show you your exact position on Earth any time, anywhere, in any weather
How are the signals relayed?: 24 satellites
receivers
ground stations (make sure the satellites are working)
What happened in May of 2000?: instantly the accuracy of GPS technology improved tenfold.
What is Second Life?: virtual world you can live as an avatar.
What is SimCity? What is the object of â€˜playingâ€™ SimCity?: The objective of SimCity is to build and design a city. The player can mark land as being zoned as commercial, industrial, or residential, add buildings, change the tax rate, build a power grid, build transportation systems and take many other actions, in order to enhance the city.

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Created By eo1063