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sturctures air passes through to get to capillaries of lungs

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The first structure air passes through in the respiratory tract
the mouth or nasal caviety
The second structure of the respiratoy tract
pharynx
the third structure of the respiratory tract
larynx (voice box)
the fourth structure of the RT
trachea (windpipe)
the fifth structure of the RT
bronchi and bronchioles
The last structure of the RT
Alveoli (one cell thick)
The structure of hemoglobin
- contains four polypeptide chains and four heme groups
- each heme group contains an iron atom
How does the exchange of oxgen and carbon dixiode occure
oxygen and carbon dixoide exchange by passive diffusion
In the lungs
oxygen exitse the alveoli to enter red blood cells in the lung capillaries
- blood returns to the heart then travels to other body cells
- carbon dixoide exists the lung capillarite to enter alveoli and is exhaled
how do the gasas exchange at tissue level
oxygen departs from the tissue capillaries to enter body cell
The brain parts which contain respiratory rate and depth
-nerves connect the pons and the medulla in the brain stem to the muscles of the ribs and the diaphram
What does smoking do to the respiratory system?
It errodes the cilia in the bronchi and the bronchi irreversibly narrows
- delicate alveolia are destroyed so it becomes harder to gain oxygen and release carbon dioxide (this is called permant emphasema)
what is the counter current flow mechanism
a mechanism which allows fish to breath in water.
How do birds absorb enough oxygen
their air sacs allow fresh air to flow into the lungs on both inspiration and experation.
insects breath
thourgh the numerous tiny tracheas in thier skin, which branch to reach fluid around body cells
Earth worms breath by
absorbing oxygen through thier most body sufaces which diffuses into cells and the co2 exits back out through the skin

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