Science Test Ch. 2 Sections 1,2,3, 5
Terms
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- Do we use more water than given or less?
- More!
- Uses of water at home
- Dishwasher, washing machine, shower, toilet, brushing teeth, ice maker, water lawn
- Uses of water in industry?
- Part of the manufacturing product, cools machines, flushes out mines.
- Uses of water in Transportation?
- boat, barge, placement of cities (good to be on water)
- What is the single largest use of water in the US?
- IRRIGATION!!
- What are uses of water in Recreation?
- Swim, Ski, Skate, boating
- Water is naturally recycled in...
- The Water Cycle
- Water are two examples/reasons of water shortages?
- Natural Case, too high of a demand.
- What gets water where it needs to go from a well?
- Duct
- What is the defintion of conservation?
- using less of a resource
- What is the RRR
- Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
- What are some examples of DESALINATION?
- remove salt from water ($$$), distillation, freeze salt out, use ice bergs
- How can you simply treat driking water? Complex?
-
Simple= Filter, such as Brita
Complex= Water Treatment Plant - What are disease causing organisms in water?
- Coliform Detection (human & animal waste) *E. Coli
- What is hardness of water?
- A measure of 2 minerals, Calcium and Magnesium.
- How does water get hard?
- Comes from the ground where the water flows through whether it had calcium and magnesium.
- What are some difficulties with hard water?
- Hard water is difficult to clean with and can clog your pipes.
- What is the pH scale?
- The pH scale measures water's acidity.
- What are the ranges in the pH scale?
- 1-14, 0-6.9 is acidic, 7 is neutral, 7.1-14 is basic. A lemon is acidic, and baking soda is basic.
- The Acidity is the pH, pH is...
- A measurement of how acidic or basic the water is.
- Who is responisble to develop water quality standards? *they set concentration limits
- EPA = Enviromental Protection Agency
- What does a waste water treatment plant do?
- Makes water safe to return to enviroment. *flown into pipes which are sanitary sewers.
- What is water quality?
- A measure of different substances in water. *some are harmful *some aren't harmful
- Your water can be..
- Public or Private
- What are indications of Water Quality?
- Color & Odor
- What is the Septic System?
- The Septic System is where your waste goes.
- What are the drinking water treatment steps?
-
1. Filtration
2. Coagulation- alum is the chmical used to do this
3. Chloration-kills micro-organisms.
4. Aeration- removes bad taste & smell, you can add minerals & flouride.
5. Tested
6. Water Distribution
4. - Why does water move up and down?
- The pressure inside
- What are the steps of the Waste Water Treatment Plant?
-
1. Preliminary treatment
2. Primary treatment
3. Secondary treatment
4. Additional treatment - What is Water Pollution?
- The addition of any substance that has a negative effect on water or living things that depend on the water.
- What are Pollutants?
- The substances that cause water pollution.
- How do you classify pollutants sources?
- Classified by how they enter the water.
- What is Point Source?
- Specific pollutant source can be identified. Example=pipes
- What is Nonpoint Source?
- Widely spread source of pollution taht can't be traced back to a specific origin. Example= runoff form field or street.
- Some pollutants can build up in bodies. Two examples?
- Pesticides and DDT- food chains, animals consume other animals with DDT. It can cause birth defects and cancer.
- What is chlorea caused by?
- Bacteria that live in human wastes.
- Treatment kills bacteria, but what doesn't it kill?
- Viruses or parasites. They resist chlorine.
- During flooding, what happens to the extra water?
- sewers can overflow and run into storm sewers which lead derectly to surface water.
- What ares some problems with sewage in rural areas?
- If your septic tank is near is stream it can seep into it. Septic Tank too near a hill it can flow down into a well. Animal wastes can runoff pastures.
- What are some industrial wastes?
- Laws cntrl point source pollution, but it still happens, burried containers have rusted and are leaking which is a nonpoint source.
- What do factories create?
- smoke and exhaust from burning coal that can created acid rain. Oil pollutes too.
- What is heat pollution?
- Water in factories that cools equpment andthe hot water is poured back into surface water. Many organisms have a small heat range.
- What does runoff from farms do?
- Causes algae to grow, blocks sunlight and slows the flow of water. Nutrients encourage plant growth, carries pollutants from farms such as pesticides.
- What does runoff from roads do?
- rain can carry oil, antifreeze, gas, salt on winter roadsd,etc., into surface water adn ground water. *Nonpoint source
- What are pollution sollutions?
- Clean up and prevent new pollution. Clean up began in the 1960s.
- Cleanup pollution?
- living organisms filter out and breakdown waste materials, bacterial can clean up toxic spills such as oil spills. Natural and artificial wetlands to filter.
- Pollution Prevention?
- Recycle water, use less chemicals, prevent animal waste runoff.(or use water for irrigation instead of the waste), dispose of toxic wastes properly (not down the drain)
- What is Kinetic energy?
- Energy from movement
- What is Potential energy?
- Energy waiting to be used. It can be due to the position. Example- water stored in resevoir.
- How can water be used to produce elctricity?
- Hydroelectric power
- How can you get Hyroelectric Power?
- Build a dam across a river, hold back water and become a lake. (EPB)
- Water can be released and moved downhill through...
- turbines which is a type of kinetic energy.
- Turbines can convert _______ energy into electricity
- Kinetic
- __% of the world's electricity is hydroelectric power. U.S. uses __% of that.
-
20% world
9% US - Pros of a dam?
- clean, safe, efficient, water is free not expenisve, naturally recycles through water cycle, doesn't add air pollution.
- Cons of a dam?
- expensive to BUILD, fish can't migrate because dam is a barrier, homes & farms flooded, destroys historical sites, only works if land is suitable- you must have a valley and fast river, present organisms can't survive.
- what is plate tectonics?
- a theory based on Earth Science
- why do volcanoes, earthquakes happen?
- plate tectonics
-
true or false?
the continents were once one whole continent - true!!!
-
what is a theory
(hint) they can be wrong! - a great deal of evidence supported by predictions...blah blah blah!!! hehe
- who first observed continental drift?
- Frances Bacon
- who proposed the idea of continental drift?
- Alfred Wegener 1912
- what was the one continent called?
- Pangea
- do scientists actually know how the continents got the way they do now?
- no...but they can guess
- what are some evidences from land features?
- mountain chains, coal deposits, and glaciers
- how is evidence from fossils explained?
- they study the places that they found the fossils and traced it into a path of where the dinosaurs roamed
- how do they explain evidence from climates?
- a hot natured plant found in a cold climate must have grown near the equator
- what is the real reason why there is a continental drift?
- convection in the mantle
- what happened to Alfred Wegner??/
- nobody knows!!oooooooo spooky!!!!