Chapter 7: Study of the Atmosphere
Terms
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- what is radioactive decay?
- The natural decay of unstable atoms
- What is the cause of ocean currents, winds, and very probably "continental drift" ?
- Convection
- What is conductionmust effective in?
- solids
- What is kinetic energy?
- OBJECTS IN MOTION
- What is the electomagnetic spectrum?
- the entire range of electromagnetic wavelenghts
- What is potential energy?
- stored energy
- What is solar energy?
- energy form the sun
- What is radiation?
- The transfer of electromagnetic energy through space in the form of invisible transverse waves
- What is the principle of conservation of energy?
- energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one type to another without any loss of energy within a closed system
- Which forms is most of the energy from the sun in?
- invisible waves, especially ultraviolet and infrared waves.
- The ________ the particles are moving, the higher the temp
- faster
- How was the atmosphere mostly created?
- The process of volcanic outgassing
- What are the four ways electromagnetic energy can interact with a material?
- refracted(bent), reflected, scattered(refracted, and reflected) and absorbed(taken in)
- What is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in the sample being measured?
- temperature
- All electromagnetic energy travels through space at the same rate or _________.
- The speed of light
- The rate of decay is _______ by temp changes, pressure or any other enviornmental circumstances.
- unaffected
- The shorter the wavelength, the ________ the frequency.
- greater
- What are the three methods of energy transfer?
- convection, conduction, and radiation.
- What is Conduction?
- The transfer of heat energy by the collision of atoms with adjoining atoms, or molecules with asjoining molecules.
- What are the two main sources of energy on Earth?
- The sun, and radioactive decay.
- What are the parts of waves, and where are they located?
- the crest(the top of the wave) the trough(the bottom of the wave) the amplitude (the height of the wave)
- What is a closed energy system?
- One in which no energy from outside the system can get in and no energy from the inside can get out
- What is electromagnetic energy?
- The energy that has the properties of transverse waves.
- What is absolute zero?
- It is considered to be the lowest possible temperature, the temperature at which all molecular motion ceases.
- What is energy?
- The ability to do work
- what are atmospheric (weather) variables?
- Variables that describe weather changes such as temperature, air pressure, wind and atmospheric transparency.
- What is convection?
- The transfer of heat energy by movements of liquids and gases, and is caused by differances in density
- What is weather?
- the state or condition of the atmosphere at a particular location for a short period of time.
- What is One Calorie defined as?
- the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of liquid water by one degree celsius.
- The higher spacific heat of a substance, the ____ the amount of heat needed to raise its temperature.
- greater
- What is the total kinetic energy of the particles in a smaple of matter?
- heat energy
- Heat always flows from a region of _______ energy to a region of ______ energy
- higher, lower
- What is the study of weather?
- meteorology
- What is the doppler effect?
- the apparent change in wave frequency as an energy source moves toward or away from the observer.
- What is the circulation of a gas or a liquid resulting from this heat transfer process?
- convection current
- What is the wave length of a transverse wave?
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the distance between two successive crests or troughs or between corresponding points on successive cycles.