Biology Semester Final
Terms
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- light reaction
- Light reacts with water to separate hydrogen and oxygen
- Law of Independent Assortment
- If traits are not inherited together, this is an example of which law?
- whorled
- Three or more leaves grow from each node
- perennial
- Plants that live from year to year and bloom each season
- strawberry
- What is an example of an aggregate fruit?
- opposite, alternate, whorled, rosette
- What are the four arrangements of leaves of the stem?
- pedicel
- Special stem that holds a flower
- heterozygous
- A genotype where one gene is different from the other
- biennial
- A plant whose entire life cycle is two years
- aggregate
- Fruits that form from one flower with many pistils
- dominant
- The trait that shows up when the offspring is heterozygous
- ovule
- Future seed, structure that contains egg cells, the female reproductive cells
- nucleus
- Spherical body that controls the cell's activities
- simple
- Fruits that form from one flower with one pistil
- monoecious
- A plant that produces both staminate and pistillate flowers
- cytoplasm
- The gel-like substance in the cell
- biology
- The study of living things.
- light reaction, dark reaction
- What reactions must take place for photosynthesis to occur?
- cells tissue organs systems organisms
- What is the hierarchy of parts of living organisms?
- staminate
- Flowers that lack pistils and have stamen
- self-pollination
- Pollination occurs in the same plant
- ribosome
- Builds proteins
- nuclear membrane
- Separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- Separates inside from outside, regulates movement of materials in and out of cell
- nucleoplasm
- A liquid inside the nucleus
- osmosis, diffusion
- What 2 processes that move molecules occur without energy?
- dioecious
- A plant that only produces staminate or pistillate flowers
- multiple
- Fruits that form from many flowers and the fruit fuses together
- therapeutic cloning
- Harvesting embryonic stem cells for use in medical treatments
- single cell
- Cells that live on their own
- complete flower
- If a flower has all four main parts it is called what?
- genotype
- The genes that are present in the chromosomes
- xylem, phloem
- What are the two kinds of vascular tissue?
- golgi apparatus
- Modifies, sorts, and packages substances for exocytosis or for use within the cell
- petal
- The visually colorful part of the flower that wraps around the reproductive organs
- rosette
- Cluster of leaves grow at the base of the plant
- compound
- A leaf that has many blades per petiole
- gestation
- Period of development before birth
- stem cell
- Unspecialized cells that have the potential to become almost any kind of cell
- stem
- Holds up the leaves and flowers, a transport structure for food, sometimes stores food
- sepal, petal, stamen, pistil
- What are the four main parts of the flower?
- flower
- Reproductive organ of the plant
- phenotype
- The physical characteristic the gene gives
- parallel
- Almost all veins run in the same direction
- fruit
- An ovary that's fully ripened
- simple
- A leaf that has one blade per petiole
- sun
- All energy originally comes from where?
- deciduous
- Trees that lose their leaves each fall
- parallel, pinnate, palmate
- What are the three leaf venations?
- Law of Dominance
- Dominant traits show up in the offspring even if a gene of a different trait is present
- zoology
- The study of animals.
- opposite
- Two leaves grow from each node
- cytoplasm
- Dissolves enzymes to break down larger molecules
- style
- The stalk-like structure that runs from the ovary to the stigma
- asexual
- A type of reproduction where organisms grow into new organisms
- adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
- What are the four nitrogen bases that make up DNA?
- palmate
- Two or more veins extending out from one point
- diploid
- A cell that contains the normal amount of chromosomes
- grape
- What is an example of a simple fruit?
- cell wall, chloroplasts
- What are the two special parts/organelles of a plant cell?
- receptacle
- End of the flower stalk, holds developing seeds
- seed coat, embryo
- What are the two major parts of the seed?
- vacuole
- Stores food and nutrients
- anatomy
- The study of the physical structure of the body.
- sepal
- Leaf-like structures attached to the receptacle
- root and shoot
- What are the two main systems of a plant?
- cross-pollination
- Pollination occurs between two different plants
- stamen
- The male reproductive organ of the flower
- prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
- What are the 4 steps of mitosis?
- recessive
- The trait that does not show up when the dominant trait is present
- xylem
- Transports water and minerals up the plant
- seed coat
- Protective covering of the seed
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Creates and stores steroids
- endocytosis, exocytosis, active transport
- What 3 processes that move molecules occur with energy?
- mRNA
- Carries a particular genetic code from the DNA to a ribosome to make a protein.
- heredity
- The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring by means of genes in the chromosomes of the cells
- annual
- A plant whose life cycle is one year
- chloroplast
- Contains chlorophyll and produces food for the plant
- umbilical cord
- Transports nutrients and wastes from the mother to the child
- nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane
- The three main parts of cells are what?
- cell wall
- Gives the plant its structure
- mitochondria
- Powerhouses; take in nutrients, break them down, and create energy for the cell
- cytokinesis
- What happens after mitosis is complete to finish cell division?
- DNA
- The molecule found in the nucleus that contains the genetic code for an organism
- reproductive cloning
- Cloning with the intent of creating a whole other organism
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Synthesizes and packages proteins
- To scatter seeds so they can grow.
- Why is it important that fruits are dispersed?
- pollen
- Contains the sperm, the male reproductive cells
- distributes seeds, give protection
- What is fruit's primary function?
- zygote
- When two gametes come together, what is made?
- fig
- What is an example of a multiple fruit?
- dark reaction
- Hydrogen reacts with carbon dioxide and energy to produce glucose
- filament
- The elongated stalk that holds the anther
- Law of Segregation
- When hybrids are crossed with each other, the recessive trait segregates, or separates, again for some of the offspring
- stigma
- The tip of the pistil, receives pollen
- transpiration
- What process involving water happens at the stomata?
- homozygous
- A genotype where both genes have the same trait
- homeostasis
- Maintaining a stable environment of a cell or an organism
- incomplete flower
- If a flower is missing one or more of the four main parts it is called what?
- allele
- Different forms of a gene for a particular trait
- haploid
- A cell that contains half the normal amount of chromosomes
- anther
- Produces the pollen
- pistillate
- Flowers that lack stamen and have pistils
- physiology
- The study of the function of the parts of the body.
- botany
- The study of plants.
- leaf
- Where most of the plant's food is produced
- incomplete dominance
- When the dominant and recessive traits are mixed or blended in the offspring
- root
- Anchors plant, absorbs water and minerals, absorbs food
- Life on earth would not exist without it.
- Why is photosynthesis important?
- nucleus
- Brain of the cell, helps control eating, movement, and reproduction
- nucleolus
- Transcribes RNA
- ovary
- The swollen base of the pistil that houses the ovules
- phloem
- Transports food down the plant
- aerobic
- Molecules are combined with oxygen in the mitochondria to produce 30 more molecules of ATP in a process called oxidation
- sexual
- A type of reproduction that requires the joining together of sex cells
- alternate
- Only one leaf grows from each node
- pistil
- The female reproductive organ of the flower
- pinnate
- One major vein with smaller veins coming off of it
- germination
- When the seed begins to grow.
- neither
- Is gene frequency determined by dominant or recessive traits?
- Without it, the plant would wilt
- Why is turgor pressure important?
- evergreen
- Trees that retain their leaves throughout the year
- Gregor Mendel
- Conducted experiments dealing with the heredity of pea plants and is known as the father of genetics
- photosynthesis, cellular respiration
- What two processes does life on earth depend on?
- embryo
- The living part within the seed
- anaerobic
- The cell breaks down glucose to produce 2 ATP molecules for every glucose molecule
- sex-linked trait
- Traits that are carried on the X-chromosome and appear in relation to the sex of the organism