Volcanoes Vocabulary (Chapter 12)
Chapter 12 of Earth Sciences Textbook
Terms
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- Sill
- Igneous rock feature formed when magma is squeezed into a horizontal crack between layers of rock and hardens underground.
- Cinder Cone Volcano
- Steep-sided, loosely packed volcano formed when tephra falls to the ground.
- Caldera
- Large, circular-shaped opening formed when the top of a volcano collapses.
- Shield Volcano
- Broad, gently sloping volcano formed by quiet eruptions of basaltic lava.
- Batholith
- Largest intrusive igneous rock body that forms when magma being forced upward toward Earth's crust cools slowly and solidifies underground.
- Dike
- Igneous rock feature formed when magma is squeezed into a vertical crack that cuts across rock layers and hardens underground.
- Vent
- Opening where magma is forced up and flows out onto Earth's surface as lava, forming a volcano.
- Composite Volcano
- Volcano built by alternating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of tephra and lava; found mostly where Earth's plates come together and one plate sinks below the other.
- Crater
- Steep-walled depression around a volcano's vent.
- Volcanic Neck
- Solid igneous core of a volcano left behind after the softer cone has been eroded.
- Volcano
- Opening in Earth's surface that erupts sulfurous gases, ash, and lava; can form at Earth's plate boundaries, where plates move apart of together, and at hot spots.
- Tephra
- Bits of rook or solidified lava dropped from the air during an explosive volcanic eruption; ranges in size from volcanic ash to volcanic bombs and blocks.
- Hot Spot
- The result of an unusually hot area at the boundary between Earth's mantle and core that forms volcanoes when melted rock is forced upward and breaks through the crust.