Med. Term Chap 4
Terms
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- ankyl/o
- stiff joint
- arthr/o
- joint
- articul/o
- joint
- burs/o
- sac
- carp/o
- wrist
- cervic/o
- neck
- chondro/o
- cartilage
- clavicul/o
- clavicle, collarbone
- coccyg/o
- coccyx, tailbone
- cost/o
- rib
- crani/o
- skull, hear
- femor/o
- femur, thigh bone
- fibul/o
- fibula, smaller outer bone of lower leg
- humer/o
- humerus, upper arm bone
- ili/o
- ilium, part of hipbone
- ischi/o
- ischium, part of hipbone
- kyph/o
- hump
- lamin/o
- lamina, part of vertebra
- lord/o
- swayback, curve
- lumb/o
- loin, lower back
- mandibul/o
- mandible, jawbone
- maxill/o
- maxilla, upper jawbone
- metacarp/o
- metacarpals, hand bones
- matatars/o
- metatarsals, foot bones
- myel/o
- bone marrow
- orth/o
- straight
- oste/o
- bone
- patell/o
- patella, knee cap
- ped/o
- foot
- pelv/o
- pelvis
- phalang/o
- phalanges, bones of the fingers and toes
- pub/o
- pubis, part of hipbone
- radi/o
- radius, lower arm bone
- sacr/o
- sacrum
- scapul/o
- scapula, shoulder blade
- scoli/o
- crooked, bent
- spondyl/o
- vertebrae, backbone
- stern/o
- sternum, breastbone
- synovi/o
- synovial membrane
- tars/o
- ankle
- thorac/o
- chest
- tibi/o
- tibia, inner bone of lower leg
- uln/o
- ulna, lower arm bone
- vertebr/o
- vertebra, backbone
- -blast
-
immature, embryonic
ex. osteoblast - -clasia
-
to surgically break
ex. osteoclasia - -desis
-
stabilize, fuse
ex. arthrodesis - -listhesis
-
slipping
ex. spondylolisthsis - -malacia
-
softening
ex. osteomalacia - -porosis
-
porous
ex. osteoporosis - -scopy
-
procedure to visually examine
ex. arthroscopy - -tome
-
insturment to cut
ex. osteotome - condyle
- a smooth rounded portion at the end of a bone
- epicondyle
- a projection located above or on a condyle
- trochanter
- the large rough process on the femur for the attachment of a muscle
- tubercle
- a rough process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles
- tuberosity
- rough process that provides the attachment of tendons and muscles
- sinus
- hollow cavity within a bone
- foramen
- a smooth round opening for nerves and blood vessels
- fossa
- consists of a shallow cavity or depression on the surface of a bone
- fissure
- slit-type opening
- arthralgia
- joint pain
- arthrocentesis
- puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint
- arthroclasia
- surgically breaking a joint
- arthrodesis
- fusion of a joint
- arthritis
- joint inflammation
- arthrotomy
- incision into a joint
- bursectomy
- excision of a bursa
- bursitis
- inflammation of a bursa
- bursolith
- stone in a bursa
- chondrectomy
- excision of cartilage
- chondromalacia
- cartilage softening
- chondroplasty
- surgical repair of cartilage
- intracranial
- pertaining to inside the skull
- craniotomy
- incision into the skull
- myeloma
- malignant tumor orginating in the bone marrow
- osteocarcinoma
- cancerous bone tumor
- osteochondroma
- bone and cartilage tumor
- osteoclasia
- to surgically break a bone
- osteomalacia
- softening of the bones caused by a deficiency of calcium
- osteomyelitis
- inflammation of bone and bone marrow
- osteotomy
- incision into a bone
- osteopathy
- bone disease
- osteotome
- instument to cut bone
- intervertebral
- pertaining to between vertebrae
- callus
- mass of bone tissue that forms at a fracture site during its healing
- crepitaion
- noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together in conditions such as arthritis
- exostosis
- bone spur
- kyphosis
- abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine
- lordosis
- abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
- orthopedics
- branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system
- orthopedist
- physician who specializes in treatment of condition of the musculoskeletal system
- orthotics
- a brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities
- orthotist
- person skilled in making and fitting orthotics
- podiatrist
- specialist in treating disorders of the feet
- prosthesis
- artificial device that is used as a substitute for a body part that is either congenitally missing or is absent as a result of accident or disease
- prosthetist
- person who fabricates and fits prostheses
- ankylosing spondylitis
- inglammatory spinal condition that resembles rheumatoid arthritis, results in gradual stiffening and fusion of the vertebrae
- bunion
- inflammation of the bursa of the great toe
- carpal tunnel syndrome
- pain caused by compression of the nerve as it passes between the bones and ligaments of the wrist
- closed fracture
- a fracture in which there is no open skin wound, simple fracture
- Colles' fracture
- a common type of wrist fracture
- comminuted fracture
- fracture in which the bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed into many small pieces or fragments
- compound fracture
- fracture in which the skin has been broken through to the fracture, open fracture
- dislocation
- occurs when the bones in a joint are displaced from their normal alignment
- Ewing's sarcoma
- malignant growth found in the shaft of long bones that spreads through the periosteum, removal is treatment of choice, because this tumor will metastasize or spread to other organs
- fracture
- a broken bone
- gout
- inflammation of the joints caused by excessive uric acid
- greenstick fracture
- fracture in which there is an incomplete break, one side of bone is broken and the other side is bent
- herniated nucleus pulposus
- herniation or protrusion of an intervertebral disk
- impacted fracture
- fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into each other
- oblique fracture
- fracture at an angle to the bone
- open fracture
- fracture in which the skin has been broken through to the fracture
- osteoarthritis
- arthritis resulting in degeneration of the bones and joints, especially those bearing weight, results in bone rubbing against bone
- osteogenic sarcoma
- the most commone type of bone cancer, usually begins in osteocytes found at the ends of long bones
- osteoporosis
- decrease in bone mass that results in a thinning and weakening of the bone with resulting fractures, the bone becomes more porous, especially in the spine and pelvis
- Paget's disease
- a fairly common metabolic diesease of the bone from unknown causes, it usually attacks middle-aged and elderly people and is characterized by bone destruction and deformity
- pathologic fracture
- fracture caused by disease or weakened bone
- rheumatoid arthritis
- chronic form of arthritis with inflammation of the joints, sweeling, stiffness, pain, and changes in the cartilage that can result in crippling deformities
- rickets
- deficiency in calcium and vitamin D found in early childhood that results in bone
- scoliosis
- abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
- simple fracture
- a fracture in which there is no open skin wound
- spina bifida
- a congenital anomaly that occurs when a vertebra fails to fully form around the spinal cord
- spinal stenosis
- narrowing of the spinal canal causing pressure on the cord and nerves
- spinal fracture
- fractue in which the fracture line spirals around the shaft of the bone, can be caused by a twisting injury and is often slower to heal than other types of fractures
- spondylolisthesis
- the forward sliding of a lumbar vertebra over the vertebra below it
- spondylosis
- a degenerative condition of the vertebral column
- strain
- damage to the ligaments surrounding a joint due to overstretching, but no dislocation of the joint
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissue that causes injury to the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, and nervous system, characteristic butterfly rash or erythema may be present
- talipes
- congenital deformity of the food, clubfoot
- transverse fracture
- complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the long axis of the bone
- whiplash
- injury to the bones in the cervical spine as a result of a suddent movement forward and backward of the head and neck
- arthography
- visualization of a joint by radiographic study after injection of a contrast medium into the joint space
- arthroscopy
- examination of the interior of a joint by entering the joint with an arthroscope, torn ligaments can be repaired while the patient is undergoing arthroscopy
- bone scan
- patient is given a radioactive dye and the scanning equipment is used to visualize bones, useful in observing progress of treatments for osteomyelitis and cancer metastases to the bone
- myelpgraphy
- study of the spinal column ofter injecting opaque contrast material, useful in identifying herniated nucleus pulposus
- photon absorptionmetry
- measurement of bone density using an intrument for the purpose of detecting osteoporosis
- amputation
- partial or complete removal of a limb for a variety of reasons, including tumors, gamgrene, intractable pain, crushing injury, or uncontrollable infection
- arthroscopic surgery
- use of an arthroscope to facilitate performing surgery on a joint
- bone graft
- use of an arthroscope to facilitate performing surgery on a joint
- bunionectomy
- removal of the bursa at the joint of the great toe
- carpal tunnel release
- surgical cutting of the ligament in the wrist to relieve nerve pressure caused by carpal tunnel syndrome, which can result from repetitive motion such as typing
- cast
- application of a solid material to immobilze an extremity or portion of the body as a result of a fracture, dislocation, or severe injury
- diskectomy
- removal of a herniated intervertebral disk
- laminectomy
- removal of the vertebral posterior arch to correct severe back problems and pain caused by compression of a spinal nerve
- reduction
- correcting a fracture by realigning the bone fragments, closed reduction is doing this manipulation without entering the body, open reduction is the process of making a surgical incision at the site of the fracture to do the reduction, necessary when bony fragments need to be removed
- spinal fusion
- surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae
- total hip replacement
- surgical reconstruction of a hip by implanting a prosthetic or artificial hip joint
- total knee replacement
- sugical reconstruction of a knee joint by implanting a prosthetic knee joint
- bone reabsorption
- conditions that result in weak and fragil bones, such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, are improved by medications that reduce the reabsorption of bones
- calcium supplements and Vitamin D therapy
- maintaining high blood levels of calcium in association with vitamin D helps maintain bone density and treats osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and rickets
- corticosteroids
- a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that has very strong anti-inflammatory properties, useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- a large group of drugs including aspirin and ibuprofen that provide that provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis
- fasci/o
- fibrous band
- fibr/o
- fibers
- leiomy/o
- smooth muscle
- muscul/o
- muscle
- my/o
- muscle
- myocardi/o
- heart muscle
- myos/o
- muscle
- plant/o
- sole of foot
- rhabdomy/o
- skeletal muscle
- ten/o
- tendon
- tend/o
- tendon
- tendin/o
- tendon
- -asthenia
-
weakness
ex. myasthenia - -kinesia
-
movement
ex. bradykinesia - -trophy
-
development, nourishment
ex. hypertrophy - ab-
-
away from
ex. abduction - ad-
-
toward
ex. aduction - circum-
-
around
ex. circumduction - abduction
- movement away from the midline of the body
- adduction
- movement toward midline of the body
- flexion
- act of bending or being bent
- extension
- movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition
- dorsiflexion
- backward bending, as of hand or foot
- plantar flexion
- beding sole of foot, pointing toes downward
- eversion
- turning outward
- inversion
- turning inward
- pronation
- to trun downward or backward as with the hand or foot
- supination
- turning the palm or foot upward
- elevation
- to raise a body part, as in shrugging the shoulders
- depression
- a downward movement, as in dropping the shoulders
- circumduction
- movement in a circular direction from a central point
- opposition
- moving thumb away from palm, the ability to move the thumb into contact with the other fingers
- rotation
- moving around a central axis
- fasciitis
- inflammation of fascia
- fasciorrhaphy
- suture fascia
- fasciotomy
- incision into fascia
- leiomyofibroma
- fibrous smooth muscle tumor
- leiomyoma
- smooth muscle tumor
- electromyogram
- record of muscle electricity
- myopathy
- muscle disease
- myoplasty
- surgical repair of muscle
- myorrhaphy
- suture a muscle
- polymyositis
- inflammation of many muscles
- rhabdomyolysis
- skeletal muscle destruction
- rhabdomyoma
- skeletal muscle tumor
- tendynia
- tendon pain
- tenomyopathy
- disease of tendons and muscle
- tenorrhaphy
- suture a tendon
- tendoplasty
- surgical repair of tendon
- tendotomy
- incision into tendon
- tendinitis
- inflammation of tendon
- tendinous
- pertaining to tendons
- bradykinesia
- slow movement
- dyskinesia
- difficult or painful movement
- hyperkinesia
- excessive movement
- atrophy
- lack of development
- dytrophy
- difficult (poor) development
- hypertrophy
- excessive development
- adhesion
- scar tissue forming in the fascia surrounding a muscle, making it difficult to stretch the muscle
- contracture
- an abnormal shortening of a muscle, making it difficult to strecth the muscle
- spasm
- a sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction
- torticollis
- severe neck spasms pulling the head to one side, wryneck, or crick in the neck
- fibromyalagia
- a condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and soft tissue
- ganglion
- cyst that forms on tendon sheath, usually on hand, wrist, or ankle
- lateral epicondylitis
- inflammation of the muscle attachment to the lateral epicondyle of the elbow, caused by strong gripping, tennis elbow
- muscular dystrophy
- inherited disease causing a progressive degeneration, weakness, and atrophy
- psuedohypertrophic muscular dystrophy
- one type of inherited muscular dystrophy in which the muscle tissue is gradually replaced by fatty tissue, making the muscle look strong
- sprain
- damage to the muscle and soft tissue due to overuse of overstretching
- creatine phosphokinase
- a muscle enzyme found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, blood levels become elevated in disorders such as heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies
- deep tendon reflexes
- muscle contraction in response to a stretch caused by striking the muscle tendon with a reflex hammer, test used to determine if muscles are responding properly
- electroyography
- study and record of the strength and quality of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation
- muscle biopsy
- removal of muscle tissue for pathological examination
- muscle relaxants
- medication to relax skeletal muscles in order to reduce muscle spasms, antispasmodics