Griffin Tech AHS 104 Unit 14/ Vital signs
Terms
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- Defined as various determinations that provide information about the basic body conditions of the patient?
- Vital Signs
- Four main vital signs are?
- Temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure
- Pain scale is 1 to 10, 1 being______ and ten being______?
- Minimal pain, severe pain
- A measurement of the balance between heat lost and heat produced by the body?
- Temperature
- Four areas of temperature measurement of the body?
- Oral, rectal, axillary, aural
- The pressure of the blood felt against the wall of an artery as the ehart contracts and relaxes or beats?
- Pulse
- Refers to the number of beats per minute?
- Rate
- Refers to the regularity of the pulse?
- Rhythm
- Refers to the strength of a pulse?
- Volume
- Most common artery to take pulse?
- Radial artery
- Reflect the breathing rate of the patient?
- Respirations
- The force exerted by the blood against the arterial wall?
- Blood Pressure
- What are the two reading or Lubb-Dupp?
- Systolic and diastolic
- The pulse taken with a stethoscope at the apex of the heart?
- Apical Pulse (apex-base)
- Average temperature taken orally is?
- 98.6F (37C)
- Normal RANGE of temperature taken orally?
- 97.6-99.6F (36.5-37.5C)
- Average temperature taken rectally?
- 99.6F (37.6C)
- Normal RANGE of temperature taken rectally?
- 98.6-100.6F (37-38.1C)
- Average temperature taken Axillary or groin?
- 97.6F (36.4C)
- Normale RANGE of temperature taken axillary or groin?
- 96.6-98.6F (36-37C)
- Oral temperatures taken by mouth thermometer must be left in place for how many minutes?
- 3-5 minutes
- Rectal temperature thermometer must be left in place for how many minutes?
- 3-5 min
- Axillary and groin temperature themometer must be left in place for how many minutes?
- 10 min
- Aural thermometer is special an reads core temperature and must be ______to accomodate for other readings?
- Offset
- Factor that increase body temperature are?
- Illness, infection, exercise, excitement, outside environment temp
- Very low body temperature reading of BELOW 95degreeF?
- Hypothermia
- Very high reading when body temperature EXCEEDS 104 F?
- Hyperthermia
- An Elevated body temperature, usually above 101 F?
- Fever
- Pyrexia is another term for what?
- Fever (Pyr=fire, ia=pertaining to)
- Brain damage will occur if the body temperature reaches ?
- ABOVE 106F
- Death will occur if body temperature falls below?
- BELOW 93F
- Consists of a slender glass tube containing mercury or alcohol with red dye, which expands when exposed to heat?
- Clinical thermometers
- Type of thermometer that has a shorter, rounder bulb, and is usually marked with a blue tip?
- Oral thermometer
- Type of thermometer that has a short stubby rounded bulb and marked with a RED tip?
- Rectal
- Never pore mercury down a drain or sweep it up because?
- Mercury is highly toxic must be put in airtight container label as mercury
- Tympanic thermometer take what type of temperature?
- Ear usually 1 to 2 seconds
- When documenting the patients temperature on their records what letters correspond with type of temp taken?
-
R=Rectal
Ax=Axillary
T=Aurally
When there is not a specific letter, it is assumed that temp was taken orally - Glass thermometers are soaked in disinfecting solution for how many minutes?
- 30 min
- Always identify yourself and your______?
- Patient
- When taking temperature anally it is important to never?
- NEVER EVER Let go of the thermometer
- Never force the thermometer when taking temperature this way?
- Rectally, hemmoroids, colonoscopy, diarrhea
- Major sites of the body to take a pulse are?
- Temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, politeal, dorsalis pedis
- The site of the pulse at the side of the forehead?
- Temporal
- The site of the pulse at the neck
- Carotid
- The site of the pulse at the inner aspect of forearm at the crease of the elbow?
- Brachial
- The site of the pulse at the inner aspect of the wrist, above the thumb?
- Radial
- The site of the pulse at the inner aspect of the upper thigh?
- Femoral
- The site of the pulse behind the knee?
- Popliteal
- The site of the pulse at the top of the foot arch?
- Dorsalis pedis
- The most common site of pulse reading?
- Radial artery (wrist)
- General range of 60 to 90 BPM?
- Adults
- General range of 60-70 BPM?
- Adult men
- General range of 65-80 BPM?
- Adult women
- General range of 70-90 BPM?
- Children aged over 7years
- General range of 80-110 BPM?
- Children from 1-7
- General range of 100-160 BPM?
- Infants
- Pulse rate UNDER 60 BPM is termed?
- Bradycardia
- Pulse rate OVER 100 BPM (except in children)is termed?
- Tachycardia
- Rhythm can be described in two terms?
- Regular and Irregular
- An Irregular or abnormal rhythm usually caused by a defect in the electrical conduction pattern of the heart?
- Arrythmia
- Volume or strength of the pulse is described using words such as?
- strong, weak, thready, bounding
- Factors that increase pulse rate?
- exercise, stimulant drugs, excitement, fever, shock, nervous tension,
- Factors that decrease pulse rate?
- sleep, depressant drugs, heart disease, coma, physical training etc
- The process of taking in O2 and expelling CO2 from the lungs and respiratory tract?
- Respirations
- One respiration consists of what?
- One inspiration (breathing in) and one expiration (breathing out)
- Inspiration means what?
- Breathing in
- Expiration means what?
- Breathing out
-
Normal rate for respiration in_____ is 14 to 18 or 12 to 20
Breaths per minute? - Adults
- Normal rate for respiration in_________ is 16-25 breaths per minute?
- Children 1-7
- Normal rate for respiration in________is 30-50 breaths per minute?
- Infants
- Character of respiration refers to?
- The depth and quality
- Words used to describe the character of respirations are?
- deep, shallow, labored, difficult, stertorous, moist
- Difficult or labored breathing is termed?
- Dyspnea (dys=difficult, pnea=breath)
- Absence of respiration, usually temporary is termed?
- Apnea (a=without, pnea=breath)
- Respiratory rate ABOVE 25 respirations per minute is termed?
- Tachypnea (tachy=fast, pnea=breath)
- Slow respiratory rate usually BELOW 10 respirations per minute is termed?
- Bradypnea (brady=slow, pnea=breath)
- Sever dyspnea in which breathing is very difficult in any position other than sitting erect or standing is termed?
- Orthopnea (orth=straight, pnea=breath)
- Respirations - periods of dyspnea followed by periods of apnea; frequently noted in dying patients is termed?
- Cheyne-Stokes
- Bubbling or noisy sounds cause by fluids or mucus in the air passage is termed?
- Rales
- Difficult breathing with highpitched whistling or sighing sound during expiration; caused by the narrowing of the bronchioles is termed?
- Wheezing
- A dusky, bluish discoloration fo skin, lips, and or nail beds as a result of decreased O2 and increased CO2 in the blood stream is termed?
- Cyanosis
- In clinical thermometers each line is what of an degree?
- 2/10ths
- The heart is weak and does not pump enough blood to produce a pulse termed?
- A pulse deficit
- If a pulse deficit occurs one medical person should take a radial pulse while the other takes the apical pulse, to determine the deficit you?
- Subtract the radial pulse rate from the apical pulse rate
- To document pulse in the patients records it must be charted how?
- According to the agency policy
- Blood pressure is read how?
- In millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
- The instrument to take BP is called?
- Sphygmomanometer
- Type of BP measurement that occurs when the left ventricle of the heart is contracting and pushing blood into the artieries?
- Systolic
- A normal systolic reading is?
- 120 mm Hg
- Normal RANGE for systolic reading is from?
- 60-90 mm Hg
- The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure?
- Pulse Pressure
- Normal range for adult pulse pressure is?
- 30-50 mm Hg
- Indicated when BP is GREATER THAN 140 mm Hg? 140/90
- Hypertension, or high blood pressure
- Causes for high blood pressure? AS A TAKO
-
aging,
Salt-high intake,
arterisclerosis
thyroid dificiency,
Anxiety,
kidney disease,
obesity, - Indicated when BP is LESS THAN 100 mm Hg? 100/60
- Hypotension, or low blood pressure
- Common causes for low blood pressure? HHDDSS
- heart failure, hemorrhage, dehydration, depression, sever burns, and shock
- Various factors can influence BP reading which are? FEAR
-
F=Force of the heart beat
E=Elasticity of arteries
A=Artery blood volume
R=Resistance of arterial system - Factors that may cause changing in BP readings?
- Lying sown, sitting position, standing position
- Blood pressure is always recorded on chart as a?
- Fraction EX 120/80
- If someone BP is 135/75, what is the diastolic number?
- 75 (denominator)
- Which type of spygmomamometer is recommeded by OSHA and does not have mercury?
- Aneroid
- The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends that the patient sits _____min and that 2 seperate readings are taken with a minimum wait of _____min?
- Quietly for 5 minutes, average of two are taken with wait of 30 minutes between
- Immediate care that is given to the victim of an injury or illness to minimize the effect of the injury or illness until experts can take over is ?
- First Aid
- The first step of first aid is to?
- Recognize that an emergency exists
- Always evaluated your environment for signs of emergencies with all of your senses which are?
- Smell, sight, touch, hearing, taste.
- Make sure the suroundings are _____ before you attempt to give first aid?
- Safe
- The second step of first aid is to?
- Take appropriate action to help victims or victim
-
First Aid
If the accident scene is not safe what should you do? - Call for help 911
- If the scene appears safe what is the next step of first aid?
- Determine which victim shows NO sign of consciousness, tap gently and call to that person
- After determining a victim is unconscious what is your next step?
- To ask anyone who is conscious what happened
- NEVER move an injured victim unless?
- Victim is in a dangerous situation (Fire, smoke, flood, Carbon monoxide, or fatal fumes, dangerous traffic)
-
First Aid
After determining if the victim is in a safe area or needed to be moved, what is the next step? - Call Emergency services, or instruct others to do so, give as much information as possible about the condition of the person and the environment
-
First Aid
Why should you give your telephone number from were you are calling emergency services from? - Encase of disconnection the Emergency operator can call you back.
- If you are alone when do you call emergency services?
-
Before providing assistance to an uncoscious:
adult
Child 8 years or older
infant/child with high risk for heart problems -
First Aid
If the victim is a child and you are the only one there what should you do? - See if you can find anyone by visually scanning the area, if not, If the child is small enough for you to carry, carry him and go call for help
-
First Aid
If you are alone and the victim is conscious what is your next step? -
Assess if CPR is needed
Unconscious infant or chiod less than 8
Submersed in water or drowning
Cardiac arrest by trauma
Cardia arrest by drug overdose - If you suspect a drug overdose, what should you look for in the immediate area?
- Empty/filled pill bottles open or not.
- If the victim is a candidate for CPR and you are the only one there, what is your next step?
- Continue providing care for 1 minute and then go to the nearest phone and call EMS
- If the victim is conscious or if the victim is a child, ask permission from the victim or the victims parents to give?
- CPR
- If no parent or victim is not responding, you should always _______ permission and start CPR?
- ASSUME
-
First Aid
If the person refuses to give consent to you, what should you do? - DO NOT PROCEED
- A method of prioritizing treatment, if more that one victim is termed?
- Triage
- Always attend to ________ ______ illnesses or injuries first?
- Life-Threatening
- If the victim is conscious what information should you try to get from them so you can relay it to EMS?
- Ask their pain-level, and ask what happened
- Always ________ the victim thoroughly and note any abnormal signs or symptoms?
- Examine
- After checking the victim for signs and symptoms, what is the next step?
- Check vital signs
-
First Aid
What should you note while checking vitals? - Temperature, color, and moistness of skin. Compare pupils, look for fluids or blood draining from mouth, eyes, and ears.
-
First Aid
After checking vitals and assesing the victim, what is the next step? - Report any abnormalities to the EMS when they arrive on scene
-
First Aid
Always check for any ID on the victim because? - They may be diapetic, or have an illness or disease, (EX: diabetic bracelt, heart patient)
- During your interaction with the victim always do what?
- Reassure the victim
-
First Aid
If the victim is vomiting or unconscious why should you not give them anything to eat or drink? - Because you do not know what is causing the syptoms or injuries
-
First-aid
If it is too hot or too cold outside what should you do? - Try to get them to a warm area or get blankets, or to a cool area, it is important not to get the victim overheated!
- Do not make a diagnosis or discuss any condition the victim may be in with persons at the scene? True/False
- True
- CPR is?
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- What is the basic purpose of CPR?
- To keep oxygenated blood flowing to other parts of the body and other vital organs until the heart and lungs start working again.
- Occurs when the heart stops beating and the victim stops breathing?
- Clinical death
- Refers to the death of body cells and occurs 4 to 6 minutes after clinical death?
- Biological death
- If CPR can be started IMMEDIATELY AFTER clinical death, the victim MAY still be ??
- REVIVED
- What are the ABCD's of CPRS"
-
A=Airway
B=breathing
C=circulation
D=defibrillation - What is the common way to open a victims airway?
- Head Tilt Chin Lift method
- When should you not use head tilt chin lift?
- If you suspect any injury to the neck or spinal cord
-
First Aid
If you suspect a neck or upper spinal injury, what method should you use to get airway open? - Jaw=thrust maneuver
-
First Aid
When using the jaw-thrust method, where should you position your fingers? - Grasp the angle of the victim's LOWER jaw on either side
- During head tilt chin lift, where should your hands be located on the victim?
- One hand on the victims forehead, and with the other hand put fingertips under bony part of jaw near chin
- B in CPR means that you breathe into the victims mouth or nose to supply oxygen or ventilation?
- Breathing
-
First Aid
Why is it important to pinch the victims nose shut and apply a tight seal around the mouth? - So that the air can be concentrated to the lungs
- By applying pressure to a certain area of the breastbone, the heart is compressed between the sternum and the vertebral column, what does this do?
- It will keep the heart beating to give oxygen to other organs
- How do you document apical pulse on a chart?
- 80 (AP)
- What must be charted for pulse rate?
- Rate, rythm, volume
- What causes the lubb-dupp sound?
- The closing of the heart valves as the blood flows through the chambers of the heart
- When would you use an apical pulse?
- Infants and childre
- Pressure of blood in the VEIN,?
- Pulse