Characteristics of HAART DRUGS
Terms
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Abacavir
ABC -
Alcohol increases abacavir levels 41%
fever, rash,nausea, vomiting,malaise fatigue,loss of appetite,respiratory
symptoms -
Didanosine
(ddI) -
Levels decrease 55%;Take 1/2 hour before or 2 hours after meal
Pancreatitis; peripheral neuropathy; nausea; diarrhea Lactic acidosis with
hepatic steatosis -
Emtricitabine
(FTC) -
Take without regard to meals
Minimal toxicity;lactic acidosis with
hepatic steatosis(rare but potentially
life-threatening toxicity with using
of NRTIs.) -
Lamivudine
(3TC) -
Take without regard to meals
Minimal toxicity; lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis rare but potentially
life-threatening toxicity with using
of NRTIs. -
Stavudine
(d4T) -
Take without regard to meals
Peripheral neuropathy;Lipodystrophy Rapidly progressive ascending neuromuscular weakness (rare)Pancreatitis;Lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis - Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
-
Take without regard to meals
Asthenia, headache,diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and flatulence; lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis -
Zalcitabine
(ddC) -
Take without regard to meals
Peripheral neuropathy;Stomatitis; Lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis (rare but potentially lifethreatening
toxicity with using of NRTIs); Pancreatitis -
Zidovudine
(AZT,ZDV) -
Take without regard to meals
Bone marrow suppression:anemia or neutropenia;gastrointestinal intolerance,headache,insomnia,asthenia;Lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis - Delavirdine
-
Take without regard to meals
Rash;Increased transaminaselevels; Headaches - Efavirenz
-
High-fat/highcaloric meals increase peak plasma concentrations of capsules by 39% and tablets by 79%; take on an empty stomach
Rash;Central nervous system symptoms; Increased transaminase levels;False-positive cannabinoid test;Teratogenic in monkeys - Nevirapine
-
Take without
regard to meals
Rash*;Symptomatic hepatitis,including
hepatic necrosis, have been reported - Amprenavir
-
High-fat meal decreases blood concentration curve 21%; can be taken with or without food, but high fat meal
should be avoided.
GI intolerance, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;Rash;Oral paresthesias; Transaminase elevation;Hyperglycemia; Fat redistribution and lipid abnormalities;Possible increased bleeding episodes in patients with
hemophilia - Atazanavir
-
Administration with food increases bioavailability. Take with food
Indirect hyperbilirubinemia Prolong PR interval asymptomatic 1st degree AV block Use with caution in patients with
underlying condition defects or
on concomitant medications that
can cause PR prolongation;Hyperglycemia
;Fat maldistribution;Possible increased bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia -
Fosamprenavir
(f-APV) -
No significant change in amprenavir pharmacokinetics in fed or fasting state
Skin rash (19%);Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,Headache,Transaminase elevation,Hyperglycemia,Fat maldistribution and lipid abnormalitiesPossible increased bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia - Indinavir
-
Levels decrease77% with food intake.
Take 1 hour before or 2 hours after
meals; may take with skim milk or
low-fat meal
Nephrolithiasis,GI intolerance, nausea
Increased indirect bilirubinemia, Headache, asthenia,blurred vision, dizziness, rash,metallic taste, thrombocytopenia,alopecia, and hemolytic anemia,Hyperglycemia Fat redistribution and lipid abnormalities Possible increased bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia