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Ap Bio semester final

Terms

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chromatin
DNA + histone protein
chromosomes
DNA + histone proteins tight
nucleolus
site of ribosome synthesis and rRNA
ribosomes
protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum
tubes connects to plasma membrane and nuclear membrane
smooth ER
helps synthesize lipids, phopholipids, steroids, converts glycogen to glucose, detoxifies drugs and poisens, stores ca+2 ions
rough ER
make protein for secretion and makes membranes
Golgi Apparatus
produces modifies and pack cell productus cis face to trans face
lysosome
hydrolytic enzymes for intracellural and intercellular (organelles) digestion and cell destruction
vacuoles
food, contractile and central
peroxisomes
enzymes produce peroxide to detoxify poisons
mitochondria
uses NRG from org molecules to produce NRG
Plastids
amyloplasts, chromoplasts, and choloroplasts
Cytoskeleten
structural support
microtubles
centrioles and cilia and flagella
microfilaments
solic rods of actin and myosin for mucle contraction
cell walls
protects, maintains shape and prevents cytolysis *plasmodesmata channels
Extracellual Matrix
glycoproteins communication through chemical signals
lipid bilayer selective permeability
regulates the type and rate of molecular traffic into and out of cell
transport proteins
integral proteins which transport specific molecule thru a hydrophilic channel or physically move them (facilitate diffusion)
Passive transport
diffusion from high to low [] and osmosis
osmotic pressure
measure tendency of solution to take up water
crenate
animal cell shrivels
lyse
animal cells burst
plasmolysis
cell body of plants shrinks
dialysis
movement of sulutes thru a semi-permeable membrane
active transport
pumping of solutes against gradient need NRG
Electrogenic pump
transport protein that generates voltage accross a membrane ex. Na-K pump, proton pump, Ca++ pump
membrane potential
voltage on membrane cause -ions and +ions
Na+-K+
ATP powers conformations change from Na+ to K+ receptive
cotransport
a ATP powered pump actively transports one solute and indirectly drives the transport of other solutes against their concentration gradients
Exocytosis
vesicle fuses w/ plasma membrane releasing its contents
3 types of endocytosis
phagocytosis (solids), pinocytosis (liquids), receptor mediated endocytosis w/ a specific receptor
Respiration
enzyme driven, catabolic reactions, stored chem NRG released, make ATP, redox reactions
3 stages of respiration
glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport (oxidative phophorlation)
What are the main NRG carriers in respiration?
NADH, FADH2, ATP

Deck Info

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