Ap Bio semester final
Terms
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- chromatin
- DNA + histone protein
- chromosomes
- DNA + histone proteins tight
- nucleolus
- site of ribosome synthesis and rRNA
- ribosomes
- protein synthesis
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- tubes connects to plasma membrane and nuclear membrane
- smooth ER
- helps synthesize lipids, phopholipids, steroids, converts glycogen to glucose, detoxifies drugs and poisens, stores ca+2 ions
- rough ER
- make protein for secretion and makes membranes
- Golgi Apparatus
- produces modifies and pack cell productus cis face to trans face
- lysosome
- hydrolytic enzymes for intracellural and intercellular (organelles) digestion and cell destruction
- vacuoles
- food, contractile and central
- peroxisomes
- enzymes produce peroxide to detoxify poisons
- mitochondria
- uses NRG from org molecules to produce NRG
- Plastids
- amyloplasts, chromoplasts, and choloroplasts
- Cytoskeleten
- structural support
- microtubles
- centrioles and cilia and flagella
- microfilaments
- solic rods of actin and myosin for mucle contraction
- cell walls
- protects, maintains shape and prevents cytolysis *plasmodesmata channels
- Extracellual Matrix
- glycoproteins communication through chemical signals
- lipid bilayer selective permeability
- regulates the type and rate of molecular traffic into and out of cell
- transport proteins
- integral proteins which transport specific molecule thru a hydrophilic channel or physically move them (facilitate diffusion)
- Passive transport
- diffusion from high to low [] and osmosis
- osmotic pressure
- measure tendency of solution to take up water
- crenate
- animal cell shrivels
- lyse
- animal cells burst
- plasmolysis
- cell body of plants shrinks
- dialysis
- movement of sulutes thru a semi-permeable membrane
- active transport
- pumping of solutes against gradient need NRG
- Electrogenic pump
- transport protein that generates voltage accross a membrane ex. Na-K pump, proton pump, Ca++ pump
- membrane potential
- voltage on membrane cause -ions and +ions
- Na+-K+
- ATP powers conformations change from Na+ to K+ receptive
- cotransport
- a ATP powered pump actively transports one solute and indirectly drives the transport of other solutes against their concentration gradients
- Exocytosis
- vesicle fuses w/ plasma membrane releasing its contents
- 3 types of endocytosis
- phagocytosis (solids), pinocytosis (liquids), receptor mediated endocytosis w/ a specific receptor
- Respiration
- enzyme driven, catabolic reactions, stored chem NRG released, make ATP, redox reactions
- 3 stages of respiration
- glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport (oxidative phophorlation)
- What are the main NRG carriers in respiration?
- NADH, FADH2, ATP