pharm 22 def. & Tom
drugs used to treat Dylipidemias
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Vit. K deficiency? How to tell?
- belleing gums, bruising, dark tarry stool and coffee ground emesis
- FIBRIC ACIDS S/E to expect?
- N, diarrhea, flatulence, bloating, abdominal distressD
- Misc Antilipemic Agents outcome
- reduction of LDL
- common S/E of niacin that a Pt should be educated on how to avoid is?
- flushing, itching, headache
- NIACIN S/E to report?
- FATUGUE, ANOREXIA, N, MALAISE, JANUDICE, & MYOPATHY
- Antilipemics are used for what?
- to treat hyperlipidemias....only if diet, exercise and weight reduction are not successful in lowering LDL levels
- FIBRIC ACIDS
- drugs gemfigrozil, Fenofibrate
- NIACIN outcome?
- reduce LDL 5 - 25% and increase HDL by 15- 35%
- Drug Class: NIACIN
- AKA AS NICOTINIC ACID AND A VIT B inhibits VLDL synthesis in liver...which causes a decrease in LDLs.....
- HMG--CoA Reductase Inhibitors S/E to expect
- headache. N, abdominal bloating, gas
- what else can be used to lower cholesterol levels?
- Acid Binding resins (cholestyramine, colestipol, colesvelam) NIACIN, HMG-CoA,, & STATINS
- what is cholesterol needed for in our bodies?
- synthesizing body steroids used by endocrine system, synthesizing bile acids needed for food absorption, and cell wall synthesis
- Purpose of HDL ? (healthy)
- transport cholesterol from peripheral cells to the lever for metabolism....the GOOD Lipoprotein......low levels of this are considered a positive risk factor in development of CAD
- what lowers Triglyceride levels?
- Fibric Acid derivatives and Omega 3 fatty acids
- Atherosclerosis (fatty father)
- chacterized by accumlation of fatty deposits on inner walls of arteries and arterioles throughout the body....reduces blood supply to viatl organs resulting in Strokes,Angina Pectoris, MI, & PVD Peripheral Vascular Disease
- what are the most "treatable" causes of CAD?
- Hypertension, Cigarette smoking, Type 2 Diab. and atherosclerosis
- NIACIN uses?
- is the only vit B approved by FDA to treat dyslipidemias...and this is an inexpensive treatment
- Omega-3 fatty acids are often referred to as ?
- fish oils
- what is primary cause of atherosclerosis?
- abnormal elevation of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood and is known as hyperlipidemia
- FIBRIC ACIDS drug interactions?
- Warfarin, Sulfonylureas (Insulin), Bile Acid Binding Resins, & HMG-CoA
- what foods are high in cholesterol?
- liver, egg yokes, meats, fried foods, fatty deserts, and nuts (cashews, macadamia, Brazil)
- Drug Class: HMG--CoA Reductase Inhibitors
- reductase enzyme inhibitors are most potent antilipemic agenst avail. AKA STATINS...the reduction in liver cholesterol increases the removal of LDL from circulating blood...may reduce by as much as 50%....administer these at night...that is when the peak production of cholesterol is
- Liver funtion studies (test?) are not required/recommended before?
- Bile Acid-Binding Resins
- FIBRIC ACIDS S/E to report?
- FATIGUE, ANOREXIA, N, MALAISE, & JAUNDICE
- Drug Class: FIBRIC ACIDS
- mech. not known...they lower triglycerides levels by 20-40% and raise HDl by 10-15%, also reduce LDL-C by 10-15%
- HMG--CoA Reductase Inhibitors outcome?
- reduce LDL and total cholesterol levels
- BILE ACID BINDING RESINS outcome?
- deduce LDL and total cholesterol levels
- HMG--CoA Reductase Inhibitors S/E to report?
- LIVER DYSFUNCTION, MYOPATHY, RENAL FAILURE
- NIACIN S/E to expect
- flushing, itching, rash, tingling, headache, N, gas, abdominal discomfort, dizzi, faintness, hypotension
- BILE ACID BINDING RESINS drug interactions
- Digoxin, Warfarin, Thyroid Hormones, Thiazide Diuretics, Phenobarbital, Beta Blockers, Tetracycline
- Misc Antilipemic Agents use
- uesd w/ statin to further lower cholesterol
- HMG--CoA Reductase Inhibitors uses?
- statins are used w/ dietary therapy to decrease cholesterol and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis
- Dyslipidemias
- is abnormalities w/ one or more of the blood fats (lipids)...caused by genetic abnormalities, 2ndary causes or both....diets high in saturated fats, cholesterol, carbohydrages, total calories and alcohol as well as sedentary lifestyles contribute to this.
- Fibric acids are used to lower?
- triglycerides
- list 3 things that are true about Omacor?
- used to decrease very elevated triglyceride levels, is often used w/ statins to further lower cholesterol levels, should be used w. caution in Pt's w/ allergies to FISHd
- BILE ACID BINDING RESINS S/E
- Constipation, Bloating, Fullness, N, Flatulence
- Grapefruit juice should not be taken w/?
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
- Are Hyperlipidemias treatable?
- yes, w/ meds.
- Drug Class: BILE ACID BINDING RESINS
- bile binding resins can reduce LDL-C by 15 - 30% and increase..... HDL up to 5%...because of removal of bile acids, liver cells compensate by increasing metabolism of cholesterol to broduce more bile acids, resulting in a net reduction in total cholesterol levels......(drugs are Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam)
- HMG-CoA reductase drugs are aka?
- Statins
- the PRIMARY meds. used to lower elevated cholesterol levels are?
- Bile Acid Binding Resisn, Niacin, Ezetimibe, and the Statins...
- Hyperlipidemia
- a primary cause of atherosclerosis is abnormal elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood
- Omacor
- Omega-3 fatty acids 1st of new class agents used to reduce atherosclerosis...referred to as fish oils... it reduces the synthesis of triglyserides in the LIVER...it can also be used w/ Statins to further lower cholesterol
- Lipoproteins
- once the above is absorbed from teh GI tract, fats, (lipids), triglycerides, and cholesterol are bound to these circulating proteins
- Triglycerides
- body converts excess dietary carbs. to this....( a precursor of cholesterol) and dietary fat into cholesterole
- the probability that atherosclerosis will develope relates directly to the concentration of what?
- LDL
- BILE ACID BINDING RESINS uess?
- the drugs (3 above) may also be usd w/ statins to further lower LDL-C
- Metabolic Syndrome
- most common name for the Insulin Resistance Syndrome...African Americans have the lowest rates and Mexican Americans have the highest rates
- FIBRIC ACIDS uses?
- most effective triglyceride lowering agent, these must be used w/ caution in combo w/ STATINs...due to risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis
- pT'S WHO TAKE BILE ACID SQUESTERING RESINS MAY REQUIRE SUPPLEMANTAL VITAMINS....what are they?
- fat solualbe A,D, E, K...these may become deficient w/ LT use
- Drug Class: Misc Antilipemic Agents
- ( ezmtimibe is the ddrug)1st of new class used to reduce atherosclerosis,,,,this acts on small intestine to inhibit absorption of cholesterol present in sm intestine that derives from cholesterol secreted in bile and from diet
- IHMG--CoA Reductase Inhibitors DRUG interacgtions?
- Niacin, Verapamil, Ranolazine, Cyclosporine, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Propranolo, Rifampin, Warfarin, GRAPEFRUIT JUICE
- STATINS are used for?
- most potent and highly effective in lowering LDL
- Lipoproteins are divided into 5 classes
- Chylomicrons, Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL's), Intermediate Density Lipoproteins (IDL's), Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL's) and High Density Lipoproteins (HDL's)