5. Chapter 6 Endomembrane system: regulates protein traffic and performs metabol
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- the eurkaryotic cells are part of the endomembrane system, which carries out a variety of tasks in the cell like.....
-
-protein synthesis
-transport of protein (insertion into membrane or oganelle or export)
-metabolism and movement of lipids
-detoxification
-part of the nuclear envelope -ER - Golgi -lysosomes -vacuoles -plasma membrane - The Endoplasmic Recticulum: Biosynthetic Factory or ER
- is such an extensive network of membranes that it accnts more than half the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells.
- the ER is with in
- cytoplasm and looks like a little net.
- The ER consists of
-
membranous tubules and cisternal sacs.
Cisternal sacs hold water and ER contains lumen which are open spaces.
They are continuous w/ the nuclear envelope. - What are the 2 types of ER?
-
smooth ER
rough ER -
smooth ER
(found in the liver) functions in diverse ... - metabolic processes, which include synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons.
- Enzymes of the smooth ER are important to synthesis of
- lipids, including oils, phospholipids, and steriods.
- In the liver smooth ER detoxifies drugs and poisons because it has a
- high concentration.
-
What is proliferation of the smooth ER of the liver?
Give an example. - Is over exposure of a drug or poison which increases tolerance. Ex. alcohol and many other drugs.
- smooth ER stores ________ in muscle cells.
- Ca
- smooth ER metablizes ________.
- carbohaydrates
- Many types of specialized cells _______ ________ by ribosomes attached to Rough ER.
- secrete proteins
- _________ are produced and threaded into the rough ER lumen
- Polypeptides
-
The proteins that enter the ER lumen and convert to
___________. - glycoproteins
- Glycoproteins are secreted by transport vesicles from the ER to the _______ _________.
- golgi apparatus.
- Transport vesicles and the proteins they carry creates ______ ________ ________.
- plasma membrane growth.
- The golgi apparatus serves as a _________ and ________ center to the cell.
- shipping and receiving
-
The receiving end of the golgi apparatus is located
near ___________ ER. - transitional
- The receiving end of the golgi apparatus is called ____ face.
- cis facee
- While in the cis face of the golgi apparatus glycoproteins and phospholipis are ________.
- modified.
-
Production of ____________
are happens here too.
Ex. pectin from pears - polysaccarides
- The shipping part of the golgi is located near the ____ _________.
- cell membrane.
- The shipping department ships finished product to organelles or plasma membrane via _______ _______.
- transport vesicles.
- shipping department is know as the _____ face.
- trans
- Lysosomes is a membranous sac of hydolytic _______ that an animal cell uses to digest all kinds of macromolecules
- enzymes
- It's basically a bag of ______ enzymes.
- digestive
- lysosomes work best in ____ enviroments.
- acidic
- If lysomal enzymes are best in acidic enviroments than that means to it reguires ____ optimal pH.
- low
- Lysosomes are manufactured in the ______ ER.
- rough
- Lysosomes carry out intracellular digestion _________ like in ameabas and macrophage.
- phagocytosis
- lysosomes also use their hydrolyc enzymes to recycle the cells own organic materal, a process called _________.
- autophagy
- What is a non -functional lysosomal lipase that accumulates lipids and impairs the brain.
- Tay- Sachs disease
- Vacuoles are
- diverse compartments of plant cells.
- Vacuoles carry out _____.
- hydrolysis
- There are three types of vacuoles.
-
*Food vacuoles> Phagocytosis
*Contractile vacuoles> osmoregulated
*Central vacuole - Central Vacuole have ______' selectively permiable membrane and protein storage in _____.
-
seeds
ions - Central vacuole also has disposal site for _______ and flower petal _________ storage.
-
metabolites
pigments