Psychology 100 Fall 2004 c
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Which brain structure is most responsible for governing the autonomic nervous system?
(A) the corpus callosum
(B) the medulla oblongata
(C) the thalamus
(D) the hypothalamus - (D) the hypothalamus
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Milgrim's experiment on obedience to authority foudn that a number of people obeyed the experimenter's orders to deliver shocks to another person. What kind of people served as subjects in Milgrim's experiment?
(A) only college students
(B) onl - (D) a diverse sample of normal adults
- The Society of Help Aging Rock Entertainers asks you whether you could contribute $50.00 per month to help cause, and you refuse. Then, the Society asks whether you could at least make a one-time contribution of $10.00. The Society is using the _____ tec
- (A) door-in-the-face
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According to Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, what is the order of stages the body goes through in response to stress?
(A) alarm, resistance, exhaustion
(B) resistance, alarm, exhaustion
(C) exhaustion, resistance, alarm
(D) - (A) alarm, resistance, exhaustion
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Which theory hold that our level of physiological arousal determines the intensity of an emotion and our interpretation of a situation determines which emotion we feel?
(A) opponent-process theory
(B) James-Lange theory
(C) Schacter and Si - (C) Schacter and Singer theory
- Harry accepts a request to play the piano at his church's Sunday services, even though he is still learning to play the piano. He plays a well-learned, simple piece. Happily, he perfomrs very well infront of his congregation. Harry's behavior illustrates
- (D) social facilitaion
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People in group (especially a group od stangers) are less likely to help a person in need thatn a singl individual. Which of the following is the best explaination for this tendency?
(A) cognitive dissonance
(B) group polarization
(C) diff - (C) diffusion of responsibility
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When one factor that influences behavior has different effects, depending on the level of another factor, is know, as a/an:
(A) zero sum game
(B) illusionary correlation
(C) interaction
(D) conditional probability - (C) interaction
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In general, unpleasant events produce more stress if they are:
(A) controlable
(B) unpredictable
(C) rare
(D) predictable - (B) unpredictable
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Psychologists Latane and Darley proposed that no one helped Kitty Genovese when whe was brutally murdered near her apartment in New York City in 1964 because:
(A) nobody realized she needed help
(B) it appeared she was the one committing the mu - (D) everyone knew there were other people who could, and persumably would, help her
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Maintaining or changing one's behavior to mathc the behvavior of others is called:
(A) a self-fullfilling prophecy
(B) conformity
(C) group polarization
(D) the bystander effect - (B) conformity
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Raymond says his brother Charlie, "I'm a very good driver," despite the fact that he is totally inept and hve very limited driving experience. His inflated view of his driving prowess is an example of:
(A) delusional cognitions
(B) do - (D) the better-than-average effect
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Maintaining stability of the body's temperature, weight, water, and other biological conditions is called:
(A) homeostasis
(B) libido
(C) intrinsic motivation
(D) sensation-seeking - (A) homeostasis
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The process of assigning causes to someone's behavior (including one's own) is known as:
(A) cognitive dissonance
(B) group polarization
(C) attribution
(D) self-serving bias - (C) attribution
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A famous study coducted by LaPiere (1934) showed that, when a Chinese couple attempted to visit a hotel or restaurant, almost all of the establishments _____ them, which was _____ with their written policy.
(A) accepted, consistent
(B) accepted - (A) accepted, consistent
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The rule that implicity or explicity govern the behaviors of members of a group are called:
(A) goals
(B) roles
(C) norms
(D) status hierarchie - (C) norms
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Which part of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for "flight or fight"?
(A) parasympathetic nervous system
(B) sympathetic nervous system
(C) neither the sympathetic nor the parasympathetic nervous system
(D) bot - (B) sympathetic nerovus system
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Which of the following is evidence that people have built-in, unlearned tendencies for certain facial expression?
(A) people in all parts of the world laygh equally frequently adn they laugh at the same things
(B) children who are born deaf and - (B) children who are born deaf and blind develop normal facial expression
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How dow bulima differ from anorexia?
(A) Bulimics typically maintain normal weight, while anorexics become abnormally underweight
(B) bulimics often eat large amounts of food, ehile anorexics eat very little
(C) bulimia is much more common - (D) all of the above
- Suppose you are sitting in one of you classes, and you di not underdstand what the professor is saying. You'd like to aks a question but, as you look arounf the room, you see others quietly taking notes and it appears that they all understand. Because no
- (B) pluralistic ignorance
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In Dr. Capo's vivid description of an incident that illustrates the "power of the situation," which species of animal almost kille dthe young reveler?
(A) tiger
(B) lowland gorilla
(C) rhinoceros
(D) polar bear - (D) polar bear
- Many self-help books instruct readers to perform action "A" and, as a result, "B" will happen. However, such books rarely ecplain the fundamental principles that govern the desired effect. Stanvich calls this type of "knowledge&q
- (B) recipe knowledge
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The hormone, secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress, which elevates blood sugar and enhanses metabolism is
(A) endorphins
(B) estradiol
(C) oxytocin
(D) cortisol - (D) cortisol
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Which kind of people are most likely to gain weight?
(A) those with anxiety problems
(B) those who crave salt
(C) people with depression and anger
(D) people who expend very little energy - (D) people who expend very little energy
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An area of the brain that is especially important in determining when to start and stop eating is the:
(A) cerebellum
(B) hippocampus
(C) medulla
(D) hypothalamus - (D) hypothalamus
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A psychosomatic illness is bes described as an illness:
(A) that is in the person's imagination
(B) in which people have an impaired ability to distinguish between reality and fantasy
(C) that is influenced by stressful experiences and rea - (C) that is influenced by stressful experiences and reactions to stress
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The Society for the Defense of Apathy asks you to make a $1.00 contribution, and you agree. Later, they ask you for a $50.00 donation. The Society is using the _____ technique.
(A) that's-not-all
(B) self-handicapping
(C) door-in-the-face< - (D) foot-in-the-door
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Attributions that we adopt in an effor to maximize our credit for success and minimize our blame for failure are called:
(A) self-esteem beliefs
(B) self-serving biases
(C) fundamental attribution error
(D) bystander effect - (B) self-serving biases
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Damage to the lateral hypothalamus leads to _____ and damage to the ventomedial hypothalamus leads to ____.
(A) weight loss, weight gain
(B) weight loss, weight loss
(C) weight gain, weight loss
(D) weight gain, weight gain - (A) weight loss, weight loss
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A group of military stategists has agreed on a plan to attack an island. No one questioned whether the plan has a reasonable chance of success. Which of the following best describes what happened during that meeting?
(A) diffusion of responsibility< - (C) groupthink
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How does a high level of insulin in the blood lead to an increase in appetite?
(A) it causes glucose to be stored as fat, instead of remaining available for use as energy
(B) it increases the rate at which the body burns energy supllies and, th - (A) it causes glucose to be stored as fat, instead of remaining available for eused as energy
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According to the James-Lange theory:
(A) emotion is our perception of bodily movements and autonomic changes
(B) frusteration leads to aggression
(C) the limbic system of the brain is critical for emotional behavior
(D) intermediate a - (A) emotion is our perception of bodily movements and autonomic changes
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The term "coping" refers to:
(A) the harmful effects of stressors
(B) the process of learning to decrease the negative effects of stressors
(C) the acquisition of enough physical comforts to counteract stressors - (B) the process of learning to decrease the negative effects of stressors
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Hans Selye's alarm stage is characterized by activation of the :
(A) digestive system
(B) glial cells
(C) parasympathetic system
(D) sympathetic system - (D) sympathetic system
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When a group of psychiatrists was asked to predict whether participants would give the highest level of shock to the "learner" in Milgrim's obedience experiemetns, the psychiatrists predicted that:
(A) very few would administer the highest - (A) very few would administer the highest level
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The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to
(A) use external, or situational, causes as decoy attributions to explain our failures
(B) feel less responsiblility for helping someone when you that other people are around
(C) overemp - (C) overemphasize internal, or dispositional, attributions for other people's behavior
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Anorexia nervosa is far more likely to occur in _____ than in _____.
(A) young children, teenagers
(B) African Americans, European Americans
(C) African Americans, Japanese people
(D) women, men - (D) women, men
- Brandy is at a concert where she is surrounded by thousands of people. Though she is normally shy and afraid to express her feelings, she soon gets swept up in the madness around her. She joins the "mosh pit" and begins yelling, laughing, and d
- (A) deindividualation
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The mrere exposure effect refers to the fact that:
(A) we tend to dislike someone we are merely exposed to, if we are unable to interact with the person
(B) we tend to prefer people we have merely been exposed to over those we know well
(C - (D) we tend to increase out liking for people who have become familiar
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Accoring to the cognitive dissonance theory, people:
(A) will change their behavior only after their attitudes have changed
(B) always try to undertand and explain their own behavior
(C) change their attitudes to reduce the tension that re - (C) change their attitudes to reduce the tension that results from inconsistent attitudes and behaviors
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After a political candidate lost badly in an election, the paid political workers were discouraged, but the volunteers felt their effort was worthwhile. What psychological prinicple is probably responsible for this difference in attitudes?
(A) group - (C) cognitive dissonance
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What evidence do some psychologists cite to support the idea that humans have a few "basic" emotions, such as joy, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust?
(A) each of these emotional experiences depend on teh activity of a different n - (D) people throughout the world can recognize facial expressions corresponding to those emotions
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Since psychology is probabilistic, psychologists should not:
(A) try to predict behavior at all
(B) make claims about general behavioral tendencies
(C) claim to be able to predict behavior case by case
(D) be concerned with behavior - (C) claim to be able to predict behavior case by case
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The best predictor of stress-related illness seems to be:
(A) any major change in life circumstances
(B) any positive event that is not view as such
(C) any negative event
(D) the total amount of lifes' daily hassles - (D) the total amount of life's daily hassels
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The group poloarization effect refers to the fact that:
(A) a group composed of people with widely differing opinions tends to shift most of its members towards a moderate position
(B) groups that discuss an issue tend to split into opposite, h - (D) after a group discusses an issue, it tends to shift toward a more extremem position
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Stanovich describes the desire to find one "single cause" explainations in terms of searching for a(n):
(A) interaction
(B) magic bullet
(C) conditional probability
(D) oddmatch - (B) magic bullet
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Social loafing refers to peoples' tendencies to:
(A) group other people together based on socal status
(B) put less effort into relationships that have been ongoing than in new relationships
(C) work less hard when sharing the work with ot - (C) work less hard when sharing the work with other people than when working alone
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According to Stanovich, the Achilles' Heel of Human Cognition is:
(A) memory
(B) the unconscious
(C) probabilistic reasoning
(D) common sense - (C) probabilistic reasoning
- Suppose you are taking a course on drugs and behavior. When the instructor informs the class that research indicates that heavy consumption of alcohol is related to depression, one of you fellow students raises his hand and claims, "that can't be tr
- (C) person-who statistic
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Which of the following is the best reason for why the measurement of an attitude may not correlate strongly with a particular behavior?
(A) attitudes change much more frequently than behavior changes
(B) people frequently lie about their attitu - (D) many vairables other than attitudes also influence behavior