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Latin America

Terms

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Diversification
Producing a variety of economic products to guarantee income
Terrace Farming
Agriculture adapted to the elevation and climate of the Andes Mountains
Hacienda
Spanish owned "plantations" that were self-sufficient and produced large scale agricultural products
Trade Embargo
The restriction on trade by the United States regarding Cuban products-in an attempt to force Castro to ease communist policies on Cubans
Conquistador
Spanish explorers who conquered Native American societies in Latin America
Chasqui
Incan relay runner, used exclusively for communication and administration of the vast Incan Empire
Andes Mountains
Rises up to 20,000 feet down the coast of SW South America
Rio de la Plata
Forms the border between Uruguay and Argentina, a major shipping route
Bay of Pigs Invasion
A United States directed secret mission of Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro
Puerto Rico
A former Spanish colony-now a commonwealth of the United States
Chinampa
Aztec floating "island" agricultural system
Fidel Castro
Ruled Cuba as a communist dictator for almost 50 years
Creole
American-born descendants of Spanish settlers
Encomienda System
A reward system from the King of Spain to Spanish settlers allowing them to establish working opportunities for Native Americans
Amazon Rainforest
The largest eco-system of it's kind in the world, home to millions of species of plants & animals
The Panama Canal
Built to ease travel between the Atlantic & Pacific Ocean-the US turned over control to Panama in 1999
Peninsulare
Part of the European class system in Latin America, these people were the officials sent from Spain to rule the colonies
Slash & Burn Agriculture
Practiced by the Mayas to clear land for maize cultivation
NAFTA
Launched on January 1, 1994, and fully implemented in 2008-one of the most successful trade agreements in history and has contributed to significant increases in agricultural trade and investment between the United States, Canada and Mexico
Maya
A farming and wide-spread Native American culture that lived in present day Mexico and Guatemala
Aztec
A robust and violent Native American culture that lived in present day Mexico City
Atacama Desert
Located in Chile, this natural feature is extremely dry due to the rain shadow produced by the Andes Mountains
Mestizo
People of mixed European and Native American Heritage
Tenochtitlan
Aztec capital city
Mercantilism
The economic system where colonies existed to enrich the parent country
Columbian Exchange
Global Exchange of people, goods and ideas
Cuban Missile Crisis
A stand-off between the Soviet Union and the United States over nuclear missiles placed on the island of Cuba
Pampas
Grassy plains that span from Argentina to Uruguay-important to cattle & wheat farming
Inca
A highly developed Native American culture that lived in Peru's Andes Mountains
The Cold War
Following World War II: A war of ideologies between democracy and communism, primarily between the Western nations of Europe and the US, and the eastern nations of the Soviet Union
El Nino
A warming of the ocean current off the coast of Peru-causes world-wide weather patterns to shift
Machu Picchu
Incan "city" hidden high in the Andes
Regionalism
Due to geographic features, people are isolated developing strong local traditions
The Drug Trade
An illegal system of illicit drugs being produced, smuggled and sold by Latin American countries to locations around the world
Orinoco River
Flows northward through Venezuela to the Atlantic Ocean
Ring of Fire
Mountains along the western edge of Latin America form part of this world-wide "phenomenon" that causes earthquakes and volcanic activity
Amazon River
Flows 4000 miles eastward through Brazil towards the Atlantic Ocean
Quipu
Incan message system of knotted strings

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